Meat yield, proximate composition, pH and drip loss of breast and thigh muscles were studied in 29 hunted male and 32 slaughtered female pheasants. In the breast muscles of additional 14 hunted male pheasants, colour, cooking loss and shear force were measured. Weight of muscles of hunted male pheasants was higher than that of slaughtered females, but the percentages of breast and thigh muscles relative to the dressed carcass did not differ. Average protein concentrations in lean muscles were above 22%, and average fat was below 1.2%. In breast muscles, pH 24 was lower than in thigh (ca. 5.6 vs. 6.0), and, consequently, drip loss was higher (2.2-3.0% vs. 1.0-1.5%). Colour of breast muscles was characterised by L*a*b* values of about 55, 4 and 8-9, respectively. The shear force of breast muscles was about 30 N/cm 2 .

This work investigated the effect of dietary green coffee powder (GCP) on the growth, body characteristics, antioxidant status, serum metabolites, and meat quality of 308 Ross broiler chickens. A total of 180 non-sexed seven-day old chicks were randomly distributed into three experimental groups. The untreated group received a basal diet (control), while the second and third groups were fed the original diet fortified with 1.25 and 2.5 g GCP/kg, respectively, for four weeks. Results revealed an improvement (p < 0.05) in live body weight in the group fed 2.5 g/kg GCP at five weeks of age compared to the other groups. Broiler Chicks fed the 1.25 g/kg GCP diet showed a more significant decrease in live body weight than the control group at five weeks of age. The GCP supplementation at level 2.5 g/kg GCP enhanced feed conversion ratio at 3–5 and 1–5 weeks of age. Dietary treatments did not affect (p > 0.05) carcass, dressing, and giblets percentages. Different levels of GCP significantly affected the liver, abdominal fat, intestinal length, and lymphoid organs percentages. The changes in serum blood traits and serum oxidative stress markers were not significant among the control and the treated groups. With the increment levels of GCP, results showed elevated values of meat pH, lightness (L*), and redness (a*), as well as a significant decrease in its yellowness (b*). Broilers fed 2.5 g/kg GCP diet showed a significant reduction in the total bacterial count, total yeasts and molds count, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Salmonella spp., as well as increasing counts of lactic acid bacteria. The dietary GCP 2.5 g/kg diet supplementation could be used to decrease the pathogenic microorganisms’ populations in the broiler’s gut. The present experiment has shown that in unsexed broiler chickens, green coffee powder at level of 2.5 g/kg improved the live body weight and feed conversion ratio and decreased the pathogenic bacterial count in the gut.

The aim of this study was to extend the shelf life of raw buffalo meat by coating with high solubility bioactive peptides (BPs). In this work, BPs (11S) of pea and red kidney beans were obtained by different isolation techniques. Alcalase-red kidney bean hydrolysate (RBAH) successfully obtained after 60 min enzymatic hydrolysis for red kidney bean protein isolate (RPI) by Alcalase (E/S ratio of 1:100, hydrolysis degree 30%). The 11S pea globulin (11SGP) was isolated from pea total protein by ammonium sulphate. BPs were characterised by SDS-PAGE and used as a shield coated raw buffalo meat because of their basic nature. The isolated peptides have considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH assay. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by well diffusion assay; however, antifungal activity was estimated by disc diffusion assay. RBAH and 11SGP (800 mg/mL) were significantly (p .05) scavenged 90, 92% of DPPH_, however, 60mg/mL concentration was significantly (p .05) reduced 48-89% of gram-positive, and 38-82% of gram-negative bacteria, respectively, and they were inhibited 88% of fungal growth. The BPs (400 mg/g) were significantly reduced (p .05) the increment of meat pH and myoglobin oxidation to an acceptable percentage of metmyoglobin (MetMb) (40%) for 15-20 d via eliminating 44% of bacterial load and maintained secured storage for two weeks. RBAH was significantly increased (p .05) a à , and b à values and enhanced the meat redness, but a à value was decreased during storage. RBAH and 11SGP (400 mg/g) (p .05) was maintained the meat colour and odour by 48-68% and 64-73% after two weeks of cold storage, respectively. The tested peptides could be safely applied in novel foods. HIGHLIGHTS11SGP and RBAH are high solubility bioactive peptides (BPs) with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 11SGP and RBAH reduce myoglobin oxidation to an acceptable percentage of met-myoglobin. RBAH enhances the whiteness and redness of buffalo meat. 11SGP and RBAH extend meat shelf life for a period exceeds 15 d at 4 C.

The objective of this study was to investigate the tissue-specific mRNA expression of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, UDP glucuronsyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTA1) in the different tissues (liver, mammary gland, lungs, spleen, kidney cortex, heart, masseter muscle and tongue) of cattle, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). CYP1A1-like mRNA was expressed in all of the tissues examined, including the liver, with the highest expression level in the kidney. CYP1A2-, 2E1-and 3A4-like mRNAs were only expressed hepatically. Interestingly, significant expression of CYP2B6-like mRNA was recorded in the lung tissue, while CYP2C9-like mRNA was expressed in the liver and kidney tissues of the cattle examined. UGT1A1-and GSTA1-like mRNAs were expressed in all of the examined tissues, except the mammary glands, and the highest expression levels were recorded in the kidney. The high expression of UGT1A1 in the lung tissue and GSTA1 in the liver tissue was unique to cattle; this has not been reported for rats or mice. The findings of this study strongly suggest that the liver, kidneys and lungs of cattle are the major organs contributing to xenobiotics metabolism.