Heparosan Chain Characterization: Sequential Depolymerization of E. Coli K5 Heparosan by a Bacterial Eliminase Heparin Lyase III and a Bacterial Hydrolase Heparanase Bp to Prepare Defined Oligomers

Abstract

Heparosan is a non‐sulfated polysaccharide and potential applications include, chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfates. Heparosan is produced using microbial cells (natural producers or engineered cells). The characterization of heparosan isolated from both natural producers and engineered‐cells are critical steps towards the potential applications of heparosan. Heparosan is characterized using 1) analysis of intact chain size and polydispersity, and 2) disaccharide composition. The current paper describes a novel method for heparosan chain characterization, using heparin lyase III (Hep‐3, an eliminase from Flavobacterium heparinum) and heparanase Bp (Hep‐Bp, a hydrolase from Burkholderia pseudomallei). The partial digestion of E. coli K5 heparosan with purified His‐tagged Hep‐3 results in oligomers of defined sizes. The oligomers (degree of polymerization from 2 to 8, DP2‐DP8) are completely digested with purified GST‐tagged Hep‐Bp and analyzed using gel permeation chromatography. Hep‐Bp specifically cleaves the linkage between d‐glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) but not the linkage between 4‐deoxy‐α‐L‐threo‐hex‐4‐enopyranosyluronic acid (deltaUA) and GlcNAc, and results in the presence of a minor resistant trisaccharide (GlcNAc‐GlcA‐GlcNAc). This method successfully demonstrated the substrate selectivity of Hep‐BP on heparosan oligomers. This analytical tool could be applied towards heparosan chain mapping and analysis of unnatural sugar moieties in the heparosan chain.

Heparin mimetics as potential intervention for COVID-19 and their bio-manufacturing

“…K5 polysaccharides can be modified to ‘neoheparin’ by chemoenzymatic synthesis [ 98 ]. The polysaccharide, often denoted as heparosan, was chemically deacetylated and N -sulfated, then incubated with C5-epimerase to generate IdoA residues, followed by O -sulfating of various hydroxyl groups on both HexA and GlcNS residues [ 99 , 100 ]. The products displayed anticoagulant activity to a similar level to heparin.…”