Heparin and anticoagulation

Ōnishi, Akira; Ange, Kalib St.; Dordick, Jonathan S.; Linhardt, Robert J.

doi:10.2741/4462

Cited by 178 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Thus, the early diagnosis of thrombosis is urgently required. The main antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for thrombolysis treatment are heparin, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), recombinant tPA (rtPA), and streptokinase (SK) [11,12]. With the help of these agents, thrombus can be dissolved, or thrombus formation can be slowed down.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Medicine for Thrombosis: A Precise Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy

Dai

Chen³

et al. 2020

Nano-Micro Lett.

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HIGHLIGHTS • Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis using nano-medicine are summarized in this review. • The diagnosis system based on biomarkers and imaging nanoprobes could enable the detection in early state of thrombosis. • The targeted drug delivery nanosystems serve as clinically translatable theranostics for thrombosis treatment with minor side effects. ABSTRACT Thrombosis is a global health issue and one of the leading factors of death. However, its diagnosis has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide reasonable and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, allergic reactions, inactivation, and unwanted tissue hemorrhage. Nano-medicines have gained extensive attention in diagnosis, drug delivery, and photo/sound/magnetic-theranostics due to their convertible properties. Furthermore, diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis using nano-medicines have also been widely studied. This review summarizes the recent advances in this area, which revealed six types of nanoparticle approaches: (1) in vitro diagnostic kits using "synthetic biomarkers"; (2) in vivo imaging using nano-contrast agents; (3) targeted drug delivery systems using artificial nanoparticles; (4) microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems; (5) drug delivery systems using biological nanostructures; and (6) treatments with external irradiation. The investigations of nano-medicines are believed to be of great significance, and some of the advanced drug delivery systems show potential applications in clinical theranotics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Medicine for Thrombosis: A Precise Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy

Dai

Chen³

et al. 2020

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heparin was discovered in 1916, although the clinical use of its first therapeutic form, unfractionated heparin (UFH), started in the 1930s [7]. It is the most widely used clinical anticoagulant worldwide [7]. The various therapeutic forms of heparin-based drugs available in current clinical practice include UFH, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and synthetic heparins [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the most widely used clinical anticoagulant worldwide [7]. The various therapeutic forms of heparin-based drugs available in current clinical practice include UFH, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and synthetic heparins [7]. These heparin-based drugs are essential in treating thrombosis and embolisms and preventing thromboembolic phenomena [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various therapeutic forms of heparin-based drugs available in current clinical practice include UFH, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and synthetic heparins [7]. These heparin-based drugs are essential in treating thrombosis and embolisms and preventing thromboembolic phenomena [7]. Heparin works primarily by inhibiting thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Role of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in the Management of Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Review of Literature

Awolumate

Kang

Khokale

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Recurrent pregnancy loss remains a significant challenge in gynecological practice, accounting for about 2%-4% of pregnancies. In some patients, the etiology is unknown. Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) refers to the spontaneous loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies without an identifiable risk factor, accounting for about 40%-50% of pregnancy losses. The review aims to understand the role of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in the treatment of URPL. Articles for this review have been found in the PubMed database, and studies published more than ten years before the review excluded. The articles were reviewed to determine the effect of LMWH on live birth rates, reduced late pregnancy complications, and adverse drug reactions following its use. Many studies show improved live birth rates in women treated with LMWH compared to the control, while some studies show no improvement. There was no statistically significant difference in reducing late pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm labor, and low birth weight, in either study and control groups. Adverse drug reaction was rare among women treated with LMWH and, if present, was mild and self-limiting, thus making it a safe therapy. More studies, preferably large multicenter randomized controlled trials, need to be conducted on the use of LMWH to establish a consensus guideline on the treatment of URPL.

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