Hen breed and variety factors as a source of variability for the chemical composition of eggs

González

et al. 2021

Foods

Self Cite

This study aimed to develop a tool to validate multivariety breed egg quality classification depending on quality-related internal and external traits using a discriminant canonical analysis approach. A flock of 60 Utrerana hens (Franciscan, White, Black, and Partridge) and a control group of 10 Leghorn hens were placed in individual cages to follow the traceability of the eggs and perform an individual internal and external quality assessment. Egg groups were determined depending on their commercial size (S, M, L, and XL), laying hen breed, and variety. Egg weight, major diameter, minor diameter, shell b*, albumen height, and the presence or absence of visual defects in yolk and/or albumen showed multicollinearity problems (variance inflation factor (VIF) > 5) and were discarded. Albumen weight, eggshell weight, and yolk weight were the most responsible traits for the differences among egg quality categories (Wilks’ lambda: 0.335, 0.539, and 0.566 for albumen weight, eggshell weight, and yolk weight, respectively). The combination of traits in the first two dimensions explained 55.02% and 20.62% variability among groups, respectively. Shared properties between Partridge and Franciscan varieties may stem from their eggs presenting heavier yolks and slightly lower weights, while White Utrerana and Leghorn hens’ similarities may be ascribed to hybridization reminiscences.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utrerana’s egg not only constitutes a differentiated product in terms of internal and external quality–related traits [ 14 ] and chemical composition [ 23 ]. Additionally, its sensory characteristics have been reported to differ from the eggs of commercial lines [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminant Canonical Analysis as a Validation Tool for Multivariety Native Breed Egg Commercial Quality Classification

González

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…This suggests that the preservation of the breed diversity may be one of the motor elements ensuring the future survival of a breed. This future survival may rely on the enhancement of a breed’s ability to cover a wider scope of market demands, thereby reaching a broader audience [ 67 ]. The present methodological proposal is framed in the context of opportunity and resurgence of a potential production industry that intends to lay the base for a sustainable selective breeding program in avian breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds

Jurado³

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p < 0.05 at least). Multicollinearity analysis reported (variance inflation factor (VIF) >5 variables were discarded) white nails, ocular ratio, and back length (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.191, 0.357, and 0.429, respectively) to have the highest discriminant power in female morphological characterization. For males, ocular ratio and black/corneous and white beak colors (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.180, 0.210, and 0.349, respectively) displayed the greatest discriminant potential. The first two functions explained around 90% intergroup variability. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was used to determine genotype clustering patterns. Interbreed and varieties proximity was evaluated through Mahalanobis distances. Despite the adaptability capacity to alternative production systems ascribed to both avian breeds, Sureña and Utrerana morphologically differ. Breed dimorphism may evidence differential adaptability mechanisms linked to their aptitude (dual purpose/egg production). The present tool may serve as a model for the first stages of breed protection to be applicable in other endangered avian breeds worldwide.

“…Depending on the need to break the egg to measure quality features, these can be classified into external or internal quality traits 6 . Previous research reported that the quality of hen eggs can be influenced by genetic and nongenetic components, such as the age of the hen, feed intake and environmental and meteorological factors 7 – 9 . Egg parameters have been reported to influence fertility, embryo development, hatchability, and chicken viability 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have focused on disentangling the existing genetic, productive and reproductive differences within the varieties of Utrerana avian breeds and across Andalusian autochthonous breeds 5 – 7 , 13 , 14 . In this regard, discriminant canonical analysis approaches have been suggested as a validation tool for Utrerana egg commercial quality classification depending on internal and external quality-related traits 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data mining-based discriminant analysis as a tool for the study of egg quality in native hen breeds

González

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

Despite the wide biodiversity of avian species of zootechnical interest in Spain, projects aimed at characterizing these genotypes and their products are necessary. External and internal egg quality traits were measured in 819 eggs laid by hens of 10 different genotypes: White, Franciscan, Black and Partridge varieties of Utrerana, Blue Andalusian, Spanish White-Faced, Andalusian Tufted White and Black varieties, Araucana; and Leghorn Lohmann LSL-Classic lineage (commercial hybrid line) hen breeds. After multicollinearity analysis of egg quality-related traits was performed (VIF ≤ 4), major diameter, minor diameter, egg weight, and albumen height were deemed redundant explanatory variables and discarded. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis was developed to cluster eggs across hen genotypes considering egg quality attributes. Shell a* and b* variables reported the highest discriminant power (Wilks’ lambda: 0.699 and 0.729, respectively). The first two discriminant functions captured 60.48% of the variance across groups (F1: 39.36%; F2: 21.12%). Clear quality differentiation signs are evidenced for Mediterranean native breeds’ eggs when compared to Leghorn’s eggs. Consequently, this evidence of egg quality differentiation may favor the standardization of breed- and variety-linked distinctive products, which may open new market opportunities based on the existence of a wide spectrum of diet or culinary applications.