Hemostatic, Resorbable Dressing of Natural Polymers-Hemoguard

Abstract

Investigations are presented for the preparation of a model hemostatic dressing that would exhibit an adequate hemostatic capacity in injuries and surgical wounds, an antibacterial activity to prevent primary and secondary infections, and offer safety in use. The Hemoguard dressing has been designed as a powder prepared from the complex chitosan/alginate Na/Ca in the form of micro- and nano-fibrids. Useful antibacterial and hemostatic properties of Hemoguard, which would qualify the material as first aid dressing and a temporary protection of injury wounds in field conditions, were assessed. Biocompatibility of the dressing was confirmed by biological in vitro examinations.

Alginates Combined with Natural Polymers as Valuable Drug Delivery Platforms

“…Such a semi-finished product is freeze-dried and mechanically smoothed to obtain flexible, delicate fiber mats [ 143 ] or foam sheets [ 144 ]. To improve the properties of ALG dressings, several compounds such as silver [ 145 ], zinc ions [ 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 ], chitosan (CH), fucoidan, asiaticoside [ 155 ], gelatin (GEL) [ 91 ], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [ 156 , 157 ], or cellulose [ 158 ] can be introduced. The aim of adding these components is to improve antibacterial properties (silver, zinc ions, CH), swelling rate, tensile strength (PVA), and other mechanical properties (fucoidan, GEL, cellulose).…”

Recent Trends in Alginate, Chitosan and Alginate-Chitosan Antimicrobial Systems

“…Nanoparticles were prepared using ionotropic gelation (with or without some modifi cations) [76][77][78][79][80][81], freezedrying and spray-drying methods [82]. In the majority of cases, the nanoparticles obtained by ionotropic gelation method are stables (zeta potential -ζ < -30 mV or ζ > +30 mV) [77,80,81], have a nearly spherical shape, with sizes ranging from < 100 nm [76,78,81] to 200-900 nm [77,79,80].…”

“…In the majority of cases, the nanoparticles obtained by ionotropic gelation method are stables (zeta potential -ζ < -30 mV or ζ > +30 mV) [77,80,81], have a nearly spherical shape, with sizes ranging from < 100 nm [76,78,81] to 200-900 nm [77,79,80]. Freeze-drying and spray-drying methods allow obtaining of nanoparticles, together with microparticles, which have irregular shapes (fi brids-like) and sizes around 900 nm and larger, while spray-dried systems show higher antimicrobial activity than freeze-dried ones [82]. Pristine and drug loaded alginate-chitosan nanoparticles show antimicrobial activity against: Staphylococcus aureus [79][80][81][82], Escherichia coli [81,82], Propionibacterium acnes [76] [81].…”

“…Freeze-drying and spray-drying methods allow obtaining of nanoparticles, together with microparticles, which have irregular shapes (fi brids-like) and sizes around 900 nm and larger, while spray-dried systems show higher antimicrobial activity than freeze-dried ones [82]. Pristine and drug loaded alginate-chitosan nanoparticles show antimicrobial activity against: Staphylococcus aureus [79][80][81][82], Escherichia coli [81,82], Propionibacterium acnes [76] [81]. Drug loaded nanoparticles release antimicrobial compound over an extended period of time (4 hours and more) [77][78][79][80], keeping the antimicrobial activity even after 30 laundering cycles of fabrics treated with nanoparticles [81].…”

“…Drug loaded nanoparticles release antimicrobial compound over an extended period of time (4 hours and more) [77][78][79][80], keeping the antimicrobial activity even after 30 laundering cycles of fabrics treated with nanoparticles [81]. Due to this properties, alginate-chitosan antimicrobial nanoparticles can be potentially usable in medicine: as potential carrier systems with sustained release of antimicrobial drugs [76][77][78][79] and as components in developing of fabrics for medical use [81,82]; in food industry as preservatives [80].…”