Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan and its Degradation Products

Gzyra‐Jagieła, Karolina; Pęczek, Bożenna; Wiśniewska‐Wrona, Maria; Gutowska, Natalia

doi:10.1002/9781119450467.ch3

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The physicochemical properties of chitosan define the relationship that exists between the chemical structure of chitosan and its uses in many branches of science and industry ( Figure 2 ). Deacetylation degree (DD), average molar mass, solubility, crystallinity, viscosity and content of water are the most frequently evaluated properties [ 61 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Chitosan As a Matrix For Nanosystemspreparation: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosystems for the Encapsulation of Natural Products: The Case of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Matrix

et al. 2020

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Chitosan is a cationic natural polysaccharide, which has emerged as an increasingly interesting biomaterialover the past few years. It constitutes a novel perspective in drug delivery systems and nanocarriers’ formulations due to its beneficial properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. The potentiality of chemical or enzymatic modifications of the biopolymer, as well as its complementary use with other polymers, further attract the scientific community, offering improved and combined properties in the final materials. As a result, chitosan has been extensively used as a matrix for the encapsulation of several valuable compounds. In this review article, the advantageous character of chitosan as a matrix for nanosystemsis presented, focusing on the encapsulation of natural products. A five-year literature review is attempted covering the use of chitosan and modified chitosan as matrices and coatings for the encapsulation of natural extracts, essential oils or pure naturally occurring bioactive compounds are discussed.

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Section: Chitosan As a Matrix For Nanosystemspreparation: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosystems for the Encapsulation of Natural Products: The Case of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Matrix

et al. 2020

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“…CS is a natural mucopolysaccharide that has a very similar chemical structure to cellulose, with one acetylamino functional group instead of a hydroxyl group present at the C-2 position. Pure CS itself exhibits different biological properties, as summarized in Table 2 [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. For commercial production, CS is manufactured by the alkaline Ndeacetylation of chitin.…”

Section: Chitosan: Source and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soluble degraded product of CS can effectively inhibit Lucerne mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. [40,41] Antifungal CS derivatives with a large charge density can effectively inhibit different fungi such as Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. [39,42] Wound healing Pure CS is widely used as a wound dressing material due to its excellent wound healing activity.…”

Section: Antiviralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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The excellent therapeutic potential of a variety of phytochemicals in different diseases has been proven by extensive studies throughout history. However, most phytochemicals are characterized by a high molecular weight, poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-systemic metabolism, and poor stability in the harsh gastrointestinal milieu. Therefore, loading of these phytochemicals in biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) might be an effective approach to improve their bioactivity. Different nanocarrier systems have been developed in recent decades to deliver phytochemicals. Among them, NPs based on chitosan (CS) (CS-NPs), a mucoadhesive, non-toxic, and biodegradable polysaccharide, are considered the best nanoplatform for the oral delivery of phytochemicals. This review highlights the oral delivery of natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, encapsulated in NPs prepared from a natural polymer, i.e., CS, for improved bioavailability and bioactivity. The unique properties of CS for oral delivery such as its mucoadhesiveness, non-toxicity, excellent stability in the harsh environment of the GIT, good solubility in slightly acidic and alkaline conditions, and ability to enhance intestinal permeability are discussed first, and then the outcomes of various phytochemical-loaded CS-NPs after oral administration are discussed in detail. Furthermore, different challenges associated with the oral delivery of phytochemicals with CS-NPs and future directions are also discussed.

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“…In the group of substitution reactions, i.e., the introduction of side groups to the chitosan chain according to various types of reaction mechanisms, there are reactions such as alkylation, acylation, arylation, thiolation, sulfonation, or phosphorylation, etc. [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The most frequently studied chitosan derivatives are carboxymethyl chitosan [ 45 , 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin and Chitosan as Polymers of the Future—Obtaining, Modification, Life Cycle Assessment and Main Directions of Application

et al. 2023

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Natural polymers are very widespread in the world, which is why it is so important to know about the possibilities of their use. Chitin is the second most abundant reproducible natural polymer in nature; however, it is insoluble in water and basic solvents. Chitin is an unused waste of the food industry, for which there are possibilities of secondary management. The research led to obtaining a soluble, environmentally friendly form of chitin, which has found potential applications in the many fields, e.g., medicine, cosmetics, food and textile industries, agriculture, etc. The deacetylated form of chitin, which is chitosan, has a number of beneficial properties and wide possibilities of modification. Modification possibilities mean that we can obtain chitosan with the desired functional properties, facilitating, for example, the processing of this polymer and expanding the possibilities of its application, also as biomimetic materials. The review contains a rich description of the possibilities of modifying chitin and chitosan and the main directions of their application, and life cycle assessment (LCA)—from the source of the polymer through production materials to various applications with the reduction of waste.

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Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan and its Degradation Products

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Nanosystems for the Encapsulation of Natural Products: The Case of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Matrix

Nanosystems for the Encapsulation of Natural Products: The Case of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Matrix

Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives

Chitin and Chitosan as Polymers of the Future—Obtaining, Modification, Life Cycle Assessment and Main Directions of Application

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