Hemodynamic Effects of a Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Drag-Reducing Polymer, Poly ox WSR N-60K, in the Open-Chest Rat

A novel hydrodynamic approach of drag-reducing polymers to improve left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats

“…13 Previous studies have demonstrated that intravenous injection of even nanomolar concentration of DRPs increased hemodynamic shear stress 14,15 and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. 16 In this study, we hypothesized that intravenous infusion of DRPs may improve left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) through increasing blood shear stress.…”

Microrheological effects of drag-reducing polymers in vitro and in vivo

“…Well-known water soluble DRPs include synthetic polymers such as polyethylene oxides (PEO), polyacrylamides (PAM), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), poly(N-vinylformamide) (PNVF, Marhefka, Marascalco, Chapman, Russell, & Kameneva, 2006), and natural polymers such as gums (guar gum and xanthan), hyaluronic acid (Hoyt, 1965), DNA (Hoyt, 1966), a polysaccharide extracted from the okra plant (Polimeni, Al-Sadir, & Cutilletta, 1979), algae (Hoyt & Soli, 1965;Kenis, 1971), fish slimes (Hoyt & Fabula, 1964;Kobets, Zav'yalova, & Komarova, 1969;Merkulov & Khotiuskaya, 1969;Rosen & Cornford, 1971;Shenoy, 1984), and several polysaccharides produced by bacteria (Kenis, 1968;Shenoy, 1984). More recently, a new DRP was discovered in the inner matter of aloe vera leaves (Kameneva, Borovetz, Griffith, Repko, & Chapman, 2002).…”

“…Over several decades numerous in vivo experiments with intravenous DRPs demonstrated beneficial hemodynamic effects in various animal models (Coleman, Ottenbreit, & Polimeni, 1987;Gannushkina, Grigorian, Kameneva, & Shakhnazarov, 1981;Golub et al, 1987;Greene et al, 1971Greene et al, , 1980Grigorian & Kameneva, 1990;Grigorian, Sokolova, & Shakhnazarov, 1998;Hutchison, Campbell, & Karpinski, 1989;Kameneva & Parfenov, 1986;Mostardi et al, 1976Mostardi et al, , 1978Polimeni, Bose, Bose, Otten, & Ottenbreit, 1988;Polimeni & Ottenbreit, 1989;Polimeni, Ottenbreit, & Coleman, 1985;Polimeni et al, 1979;Sawchuk, Unthank, & Dalsing, 1999;Unthank, Lalka, Nixon, & Sawchuk, 1992). Nanomolar concentrations of these polymers caused an increase in arterial blood flow and a decrease in both blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance with no effect on blood viscosity (Coleman et al, 1987;Greene et al, 1971;Grigorian & Kameneva, 1990;Kameneva & Parfenov, 1986;Polimeni et al, 1979Polimeni et al, , 1985Polimeni, Bose, Bose, Otten, & Ottenbreit, 1988;Polimeni & Ottenbreit, 1989).…”

“…Nanomolar concentrations of these polymers caused an increase in arterial blood flow and a decrease in both blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance with no effect on blood viscosity (Coleman et al, 1987;Greene et al, 1971;Grigorian & Kameneva, 1990;Kameneva & Parfenov, 1986;Polimeni et al, 1979Polimeni et al, , 1985Polimeni, Bose, Bose, Otten, & Ottenbreit, 1988;Polimeni & Ottenbreit, 1989). DRPs were found to: restore brain hemodynamics in rabbits with induced circulatory ischemia caused by the total and irreversible occlusion of four main cranial (carotid and vertebral) arteries (Gannushkina et al, 1981); increase the number of functional capillaries and capillary blood flow in normal and especially, in diabetic rats (Golub et al, 1987); increase the resistance of rats to severe hypobaric hypoxia (Grigorian et al, 1985); and significantly increase the endurance of rats running on a treadmill even after they were subjected to hemorrhage (Grigorian et al, 1998).…”

A new hydrodynamic approach by infusion of drag-reducing polymers to improve left ventricular function in rats with myocardial infarction

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that intravenous injection of even nanomolar concentration of DRPs increased blood flow rate and decreased peripheral vascular resistance [6,7]. In rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock, DRPs were found to improve organ and tissue perfusion, hence increased the survival rate [8][9][10][11].…”