Hemin Modified Carbon Fat Electrode for Analyzing Antimalarial Endoperoxide Artemisinin in Artemisia annua

Abstract

A hemin bulk modified carbon electrode with Adeps neutralis (solid fat) as binder was developed for the determination of antimalarial endoperoxide artemisinin in plant matrix. The hemin modified electrode showed significant catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of artemisinin at about À 380 mV vs. Ag/AgCl in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7 by using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions strict linearity between artemisinin concentration and height of the cathodic catalytic current peak was observed in 4.8 Â 10 À6 -7.8 Â 10 À5 M concentration range (R ¼ 0.9991) when using differential pulse voltammetry. The detection limit was calculated as 1.4 Â 10 À6 M of artemisinin. The developed electroanalytical device is suitable for the determination of artemisinin in Artemisia annua extracts.

Electrochemical catalysis of artemisinin on hemoglobin functionalized carbon nanofibers

“…ART exhibited a single cathodic peak at about -800 mV vs. Ag/AgCl as probed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) 12 . The peak was due to reduction of the endo-peroxide (-O-O-) bond of the ART.…”

“…Electrochemical reduction of ART is an irreversible process. In this reaction, ART undergoes hetero-lytic cleavage of the O−O bond 12,13 . Hemin can catalyze this bond cleavage through an electron transfer (ET) process.…”

Research progress in electroanalytical techniques for determination of antimalarial drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples

“…92 The catalytic activity of the electrodes was suggested to be due to the breaking of the peroxide bond in ARN by the prosthetic group heme in haemoglobin. 94,95 A DPP method was further proposed to determine the amount of ARN in herbal tea preparation of Artemisia annua. Debnath et al reported a differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method for the determination of ARN.…”

Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Artemisinin Antimalarial Drug: Charge Transfer Redox Process

“…For this reason, gold was employed as a working electrode in the present work and its results compared with those observed in GC and pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes. A limited number of recent reports indicate that electrochemical reduction of artemisinin is an irreversible reaction that yields heterolytic cleavage of the O−O bond [13,14]. This cleavage can be catalyzed by hemin as the mediator, supporting the role of electron transfer in its activity.…”

“…This cleavage can be catalyzed by hemin as the mediator, supporting the role of electron transfer in its activity. Earlier studies indicated that artemisinin and its derivative undergo two electron reduction at a potential of -0.9 V versus Ag/AgCl [14][15][16].The carbon hemin-modified electrode showed catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of artemisinin at about -380 mV versus Ag/AgCl in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7, using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry [13]. In addition, film-modified multiwall carbon nanotube increased reduction peak current of artemisinin remarkably, and the peak potential shifted positively by -240 mV [17].…”