?Hemical Equilibrium of Soil Solution in Steppe Zone Soil

Abstract

ABSTRACT, NaCO 3 -, NaSO 4 -, CaOH + , MgOH + . Calculation method is proposed for quantitative assessment of real ion forms in the soil solution of chestnut solonetz soil complex. Were proposed equations to calculate free and associated forms of ions. To solve the equations were used an iteration, a linear interpolation of equilibrium constants, a Method of Ionic Pairs including a law of initial concentration preservation, a law of the operating masses of equilibrium system, the concentration constants of ion pair dissociation on the law of operating masses. Was determined the quantity of ion free form and a coefficient of ion association as ratio of ions free form to analytical content γ e = C ass /C an . The association of ions varies in individual soils and soil layer. Increasing soil solution salinity amplifies the ions association. In form of ionic pairs in soil solution are: 11.8-53.8% of Ca 2+ ; 9.4-57.3% of Mg 2+ ; 0.7-11.9% of Na + ; 2.2-22.3% of HCO 3 -, 11.8-62.7% of SO 4 2-. The ion CO 3 2-is high associated, the share of ions in associated form is up to 92.7%. The degree of soil solution saturation was obtained for three level of approximation accounting on analytical concentration, calculated association coefficient, calculated coefficient of association. Relating to thermodynamic solubility product S 0 , the mathematical product of analytical ionic pairs indicated super saturation of soil solutions up to K 1 = 100, taking into account calculated coefficient of association ion activity super saturation of soil solutions is absent, K 3 ≈1. Only for solonetz chestnut meadow K 3 ≈2-5. The soil solution saturation degree in soil profile and laterally in landscape varies. The quantitative assessment of real ion forms in the soil solution allows explain evolution of landscape of salted soils, structure of soil cover. Calculations fulfilled show that a possibility of soil degradation scenario taking into account the laws of association of ions in soil solution is much more probable and dangerous than it was assessed before. New understanding of water-salt transfer, geochemical barriers and ecological functions of soil will help to improve rainfed and irrigational agriculture.

Analysis of Benzo[a]Pyrene Contamination from an Long-Term Contaminated Soil

“…The accelerated degradation of BaP, which is observed in the most contaminated soils, is due to the faster adaptation of microorganisms in the presence of the selective factor (Gabov et al, 2007;Galiulin and Bashkin, 1999). The slower decrease of BaP concentration in the slightly contaminated soils can be related to their low availability to biodestructors due to the strong sorption by soil humus or pyrogenic particles (Augusto et al, 2013;Batukaev et al, 2014). However, the absence of appreciable BaP accumulation in the soil, in spite of the continuing input of soot fallouts in the affected zone of the TPPN, can also argue for the degradation of the pollutant.…”

Biogeosystem Technique as the Method for Earth’s Climate Stabilizing

“…Достигается секвестр углерода из атмосферы с биологическую фазу, увеличивается масса углерода и биологического вещества в биосфере, в том числе, за счет продуктов сгорания ископаемых углеводородов. Обеспечивается создание геохимических барьеров [108], что позволяет утилизировать под почвой радиоактивные отходы методом рассредоточения, безопасная утилизация биологических отходов [109][110][111][112][113][114].…”

Influence of boron fertiIization on productivity of grape plants

“…The results of patent searches and summarizing of published data show that the comparative studies to establish the effect on yield quality grapes, frost roots, depend on the level of boron content in grapes plants on the sandy soils of the Chechen Republic was not carried out steel (Batukaev et al, 2014). Although these studies are not only of great practical but also theoretical value.…”

“…It was found that the absorption and accumulation of boron plant sizes increase with increasing potassium content in the soil (Bell et al, 2013). Boron plays an important role in cell division and protein synthesis is an essential component of cell membranes (Batukaev et al, 2014;Batukaev, 2010).…”