Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction and Anti-inflammatory Actions ofAtractylodes macrocephalaandTaraxacum herbaExtracts Prevented Colitis and Was More Effective than Sulfasalazine in Preventing Relapse

Abstract

Background/AimsIn inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), repeated bouts of remission and relapse occur in patients and can impose a risk of colitis-associated cancer. We hypothesized that plant extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala (AM) or Taraxacum herba (TH) may be better than sulfasalazine for treating this disease because these extracts can promote additional regeneration.MethodsMurine intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells were pretreated with AM or TH before a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced challenge. Acute colitis was induced with 7 days of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in male C57BL/6 mice, and extracts of AM and TH were administered for 2 weeks before DSS administration.ResultsIn vitro studies demonstrated that AM or TH treatment reduced LPS-induced COX-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels but increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Oral preadministration of AM and TH rescued mice from DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting inflammatory mediators via inactivated extracellular signal regulated kinase and repressed nuclear factor κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, but the effect was weaker for sulfasalazine than that for the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activities occurred via the inhibition of macrophage and T lymphocyte infiltrations. Unlike sulfasalazine, which did not induce HO-1, TH extracts afforded significant HO-1 induction.ConclusionsBecause the AM or TH extracts were far superior in preventing DSS-induced colitis than sulfasalazine, AM or TH extracts can be considered natural agents that can prevent IBD relapse.

Plumericin prevents intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo

“…significantly reduced the histologic signs of colon injury (E, plumericin) as well as showed by DEX-group (positive control). 40,41 In our experiments, plumericin significantly inhibited TNF-α release in all tested concentrations (0.5-2 µM) as well as COX-2 and iNOS expression at 1 and 2 µM, respectively. *** and * denote P < .001 and P < .01, respectively, vs sham; ### denotes P < .001 vs DNBS societies, and they are also on the rise in developing areas.…”

Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate in Mice: Impairment of Intestinal Homeostasis and Immune Response

“…TNF-α is one of the major cytokines playing a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and, in this condition, it is also significantly upregulated in IECs [ 47 ]. Similarly, the levels of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2 and iNOS are also increased in IECs, as a result of the intestinal inflammation, and contribute to the amplification of the inflammatory response (also via TNF-α) and to the oxidative and nitrosative stress [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Modulator of Intestinal Inflammation Development and Progression

“…In another field, in vitro studies have demonstrated that treatment with plant extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala (AM) or Taraxacum herba (TH) increased HMOX1 production. Oral pre-administration of AM and TH can rescue mice from DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting inflammatory mediators via inactivated extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERKs) and repressed NFκB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( 81 ).…”