“…The osteoinductive effects of BMP-2 are dependent on OA (Abdelmagid et al, 2007). OA has the ability to regulate cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation and synthesis of ECM proteins in various cell types (Adema et al, 1994; Jager et al, 2000; Anderson et al, 2001, 2002, 2006; Safadi et al, 2001; Bandari et al, 2003; Onaga et al, 2003; Ott et al, 2003; Safadi et al, 2003; Yasumoto et al, 2004; Boissy et al, 2005; Ogawa et al, 2005; Okamoto et al, 2005; Brunberg et al, 2006; Hoashi et al, 2006; Abe et al, 2007; Helip-Wooley et al, 2007; Nakamura et al, 2007; Ripoll et al, 2007). OA messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein are expressed by human and rodent osteoblasts (Safadi et al, 2001; Owen et al, 2003).…”