Hematological Malignancies: Analysis of Myelogram Results over 21 Years in Lome Teaching Hospitals

Abstract

Objectives: Determine the frequency of malignancies diagnosed in myelogram seen in hematology services of Campus and Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospitals in Lome from 1992 to 2013. Study the epidemiology profile of these diseases. Materials and methods: It was an analytical retrospective study of 469 cases of malignancies diagnosed in 1511 myelograms during 21 years in both teaching hospital of Lome. Results: Blood disorders represent 31.70% of the results of myelogram performed during 21 years in the Teaching Hospital of Lome. Each year, there is an average of 22.3 cases diagnosed hematological malignancies. The most hematological malignancies were Kahler's disease (28.57%), chronic myeloid leukemia (24.52%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (22.17%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (12.58%) and acute myeloid leukemia (8.10%). Other (4.05%) were represented by the essential hypereosinophilic syndrome (4 cases), hairy cell leukemia (4 cases), Sezary lymphoma (3 cases), essential thrombocythemia (3 cases), Waldenstrom's disease (2 cases), acute myelomonocytic leukemia (1 case), prolymphocytic leukemia (1 case) and plasma cell leukemia (1 case). By gender, the CLL is most predominant in women against CML in men. Hemopathies were observed at all ages of life. Conclusion: Hematological malignancies are diagnosed in the Teaching Hospital of Campus and Sylvanus Olympio in Lome with a high relatively frequency. This prevalence must be higher if all cases of malignancies diagnosed in Togo were recorded in a national cancer register. This study aims to knowledge of epidemiological aspects of hematological malignancies and improve the care of patients with hematological malignancies by the provision of adequate anti-mitotic drugs.

Patterns of Bone Marrow Confirmed Malignant and Non-Malignant Hematological Disorders in Patients with Abnormal Hematological Parameters in Northeast Ethiopia

“… 35–37 In the current study, the result showed that 46.2% of HM was chronic leukemia. This result was in line with the findings reported in India (49.5%) and in Togo (46.7%) 31 , 32 while low findings were reported in India (28.5%) and Bangladesh (18.2%) compared to the present finding. 9 , 30 Chronic leukemia is a broad spectrum of diseases characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and expansion of mature, differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system.…”

“…This was in line with the findings done in Togo and Bangladesh. 9 , 31 Interestingly, AML is fast-growing leukemia characterized by clonal expansion of immature blast cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and bone marrow failure. Furthermore, CML is a slow-growing clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of all stages of myeloid development in the peripheral blood believed to be driven by the aberrant protein tyrosine kinase.…”

“…26,28 The current prevalence was low compared to the result reported in Eritrea (25.1%), in India (58%), and Togo (31%). [29][30][31] The possible reasons for this variation might be the variations in sample size, study population, geographical location, and socio-demographic pattern.…”