Hematological Changes of Endogenic Intoxication, Non-Specific Reactivity and Inflammation Activity Indices in Hiv-Infected Patients

Abstract

The aim: To establish changes in hematological parameters of endogenous intoxication, nonspecific reactivity, activity of inflammation in HIV-infected persons, to improve verification of the clinical stage of the disease. Materials and methods: Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory data. The statistical processing was performed in the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistic 23 computer software, variational statistics processing (Student’s t-criteria). Results: 51 HIV-infected were examined (main group) and 44 clinically anamnestic healthy blood donors (comparison group). The study included 46 patients (5 were withdrawn due to failure to meet criteria – severe septic condition). All patients were divided into three groups: A1 – all patients, 46 persons, men 76.0%, women – 24.0%; A2 – 11 people with I-III stages of HIV infection, men 72,7%, women – 27,3%; A3 – 35 HIV infected with stage IV disease, men 76.0%, women – 24.0%. All patients had an increase in intoxication indices and sex-dependent changes. Nonspecific reactivity indices in group A1 were above the norm, independent of gender except the index of neutrophils and lymphocyte (NLR). Below the norm is the immunoreactivity index (IR), the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio index (LMR), the lymphocyte index (Ilymph), the index of allergization (IA). Indices of nonspecific reactivity of A2 patients exceeded the norm and were independent of sex, with the exception of IR, Ilymph, IA, which were reduced. Non-specific reactivity indices are increased in HIV-infected group A3. Below the norm were IR, LMR, Ilymph, IA. Analyzing the activity indexes of inflammation, it became clear that the Krebs index (KI) was increased in all groups of patients; lymphocyte-granulocyte index (ILG) in groups A1 and A3 is less than normal, unlike patients in group A2, where it remained within the normal range. The leukocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ILESR) in A1 and A3 have increased rates, unlike in A2, where the index is smaller. Conclusions: Men are predominantly HIV positive. The systemic immune response is more pronounced in women. There is a progressive impairment of immunological reactivity, indicating an immunodeficiency of the cell type with a decrease in nonspecific anti-infective protection. Patients with stage IV of HIV infection have moderate and severe inflammatory reactions, impaired reactivity, and are more pronounced in women.

Effects of flavonol quercetin on syndrome of endogenous intoxication in experimental periodontitis

“…Increased permeability of erythrocyte membranes is a reflection of disorders of the functions and structure of plasma membranes of all cells of the body. The erythrocyte intoxication index characterizes the inhibition of sorption activity (including methylene blue), which is a consequence of the rearrangement of lipid components of cell membranes and a decrease in the functional capacity of erythrocytes due to exposure to toxic substances (Chemych et al 2020).…”

Clinical Features of the Hiv Infection Course and the Dependence of Changes in Laboratory Parameters on the Clinical Stage and on the Cd4 Lymphocytes Level

“…Immune reactivity is impaired as a result of organism auto-intoxication due to the destruction of its own cells and the presence of exogenous factors, including persistence of viruses or bacterial endo-and exotoxins. Non-specific reactivity indexes (IR, LMR, I lymph , IA) were decreased, whereas NI was elevated due to the shift in the white blood cell count toward neutrophils and the prevalence of non-segmented forms over segmented, what stands for the presence of inflammatory reaction [6,7]. Neutrophil's ability to eliminate antigens was impaired due to the increased number In groups where the distribution of patients depended on the level of CD4 cells -HIV (CD4≥500) and HIV (CD4≤499-200), index changes were more pronounced than in the HIV I and HIV III groups.…”

“…Clinical blood test (CobasMicros); biochemical blood test performed at the hospital laboratory (SOBASEMira); PCR / ELISA at the Sinevo commercial laboratory; radiological and magnetic resonance examination were performed; confirmation of the HIV-diagnosis was performed by the PCR / ELISA method (quality method of RNA detection) at the Sumy "Regional Clinical Medical Center of Socially Dangerous Diseases". We calculated integrative indices of endogenous intoxication and immunoreactivity: leucocyte intoxication index (LII), hematological index of intoxication (HII), index of leucocytes shift (ISL), Krebs index (KI), immunoreactivity index (IR), lymphocyte-granulocyte index (ILG), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil reactive response (NRR), index of leukocyte and ESR ratio (ILESR), lymphocyte index (I lymph ), eosinophils-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), index of allergization (IA), nuclear index (NI), index of intoxication severity (IIS) [6,7].…”

The Impact of the Pandemic Caused by Covid-19 on the Epidemiological State of Hiv Infection in Ukraine

“…HIV infection is a lentivirus anthroponotic disease with a high epidemic process level, which is becoming more widespread in all countries. The disease is characterized by the body's immune system disorders [1], long asymptomatic course and opportunistic damage of many organs and systems of the body [2][3][4].…”

“…Results and discussion. The epidemiological data of the WHO, Ministry of Health of Ukraine and International charitable foundation "Alliance for Public Health" on the epidemiological state of HIV infection in 2017-2021 and COVID-19 during 2020-2021 were analyzed [4,7,8,[10][11][12].…”