Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in a wild population of Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sri Lanka

Dissanayake, Duminda S. B.; Thewarage, Lasanthika D.; Rathnayake, Rathnayake M. P. Manel; Kularatne, S.A.M.; Ranasinghe, Jamburagoda Gamage Shirani; Rajapakse, Rajapakse P. V. Jayantha

doi:10.1186/s40409-017-0098-7

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…RBCs of male Naja naja (0.58 AE 0.04 Â 10 6 /μl) are higher than that of the female Naja naja (0.50 AE 0.04 Â 10 6 /μl). PCV of the male (30.11 AE 1.93%) is higher than that of the female (23.41 AE 1.67%), whereas hemoglobin (7.6 AE 0.75 g/dl) is significantly higher in male than in the female Naja naja (3.25 AE 0.74 g/dl), respectively [64]. The difference in the hematological parameters may be due to their nutrition, age, sex, and environment.…”

Section: Effects Of Therapeutic Agents On Erythrocytesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects of Therapeutic and Toxic Agents on Erythrocytes of Different Species of Animals

Saganuwan¹

2019

Erythrocyte

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A preponderance of therapeutic and toxic agents that affect erythrocytes is being used in preclinical and clinical settings. Such agents are responsible for wrong diagnosis of a myriad of diseases and poor prognosis of some therapeutic interventions. In view of this, literature search was carried out with a view to investigate morphometry of erythrocytes in various diseased conditions and species of animals. Findings have shown that erythrocyte size, area, and volume vary in different species of animals under different diseased conditions. Environmental factors, toxicants, toxins, therapeutics, and management system, among others, can cause erythrocyte deformation, leading to anemia. Erythrocyte-related diseases include but not limited to sickle cell anemia, malaria, cancer, psychiatric illness, and chronic inflammation. Hence the principal source of our survival is erythrocyte, because it transports oxygen needed for metabolism of cell nutrients. erythrocytes (4.2-6.2 Â 10 12 /L), hemoglobin (100 g/100 mL), and hematocrit (38-54%) of the total blood volume are the standards for human species [12]. Variation in species, age, environmental factors, management system, and pathological conditions could affect the size, shape, area, and volume of erythrocytes. MethodologyExtensive literature search was carried out to identify differences between normal and abnormal erythrocytes of various species of animals including the ones in the wild. Information on beneficial and toxic effects of drugs, chemical toxicants, toxins, plant extracts, chemicals, and diseased conditions were searched on erythrocyte shape, size, and volume for various species of animals including human. Some developed formulas were modified for determination of anemic, polycythemic, hydrated, and dehydrated erythrocytes. Physiological and pathological features of the erythrocytes were also highlighted. Preclinical and clinical values of the changes in erythrocytes in relation to blood diseases caused by various agents were critically analyzed. Effects of toxic and therapeutic agents on metabolic, cancer, infectious, inheritable, and noninheritable diseases of erythrocytes, such as sickle cell anemia, malaria, and hereditary spherocytosis, among others, were elucidated. Erythrocyte

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Section: Effects Of Therapeutic Agents On Erythrocytesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects of Therapeutic and Toxic Agents on Erythrocytes of Different Species of Animals

Saganuwan¹

2019

Erythrocyte

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“…As observed in B pubescens, RBCs with irregular nuclei have been previously described in snakes from Viperidae and Elapidae families. 15,16 Furthermore, a small number of immature RBCs (non-quantified)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals and blood cell morphology in South American pit vipers (Bothrops pubescens)

Bilhalva

Winter

Oberrather

et al. 2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background:The maintenance of snakes in captivity for venom extraction and antivenom production is essential due to the high incidence of snake envenomation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Hematology and biochemistry are valuable in the laboratory evaluation of these animals, which indirectly improves their health and welfare. Objectives:The objective of this study was to determine the reference intervals for hematologic and plasma biochemistry variables in Bothrops pubescens snakes kept in captivity and to examine sex variation.Methods: Blood samples from 20 healthy B pubescens snakes were collected for hematologic and biochemistry evaluations and compared between sexes. The sample analysis consisted of a complete blood count using manual methods previously described, and blood cell morphology evaluation. Plasma biochemistry consisted of albumin, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total plasma protein measurements.Results: Hematologic and biochemical variables were demonstrated to be different when compared with previously published values. A difference between the sexes was not observed for B pubescens.Conclusions: Given that many illnesses can lead to laboratory alterations, knowledge about the reference intervals of healthy captive animals is essential to evaluate the health status and correct management of these snakes.

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“…A small drop of blood was taken on a clean dry slide and a uniform film was smeared. Slides were dried in air, fixed in methanol 58,59 and stained in Giemsa and Leishman stain 60,61 . The slides were then washed in running water, dried, dehydrated, cleaned in xylene and mounted.…”

Section: Differential Leucocyte Count (Dlc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodic manipulation modulates the innate and cell mediated immune functions in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Tripathi

2020

Sci Rep

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Objectives of the current work were to investigate the role of photoperiod and melatonin in the alteration of immune responses in a reptilian species. Animals were kept on a regimen of short or long days. Blood was obtained and leucocytes were isolated to study various innate immune responses. Lymphocytes were separated from blood by density gradient centrifugation and were used to study proliferation. Respiratory burst activity was measured through nitrobluetetrazolium reduction assay while nitric oxide production by leucocytes was assayed by nitrite assay. Lymphocytes were isolated and used to study proliferation with and without B and T cell mitogens. Photoperiodic manipulation acted differentially on leucocyte counts. Nitrite release was increased while superoxide production was decreased in cultures obtained from the snakes kept on the short day regimen. Significant enhancement of mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation was observed in cultures from the animals kept in either long or short days compared to cultures from the animals kept in natural ambient day length. Use of in vitro melatonin showed that lymphocytes from the animals, kept in long days, were more reactive. Photoperiod induces changes in immune status which may permit adaptive functional responses in order to maintain seasonal energetic budgets of the animals. Physiological responses (like elevated immune status) are energetically expensive, therefore, animals have evolved a strategy to reduce immune functions at times when energy is invested in reproductive activities. Natrix piscator breeds from September to December and elevated pineal hormone in winter suppresses reproduction while immunity is stimulated.

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Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters in a wild population of Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) in Sri Lanka

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Therapeutic and Toxic Agents on Erythrocytes of Different Species of Animals

Effects of Therapeutic and Toxic Agents on Erythrocytes of Different Species of Animals

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals and blood cell morphology in South American pit vipers (Bothrops pubescens)

Photoperiodic manipulation modulates the innate and cell mediated immune functions in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator

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