Hemato-biochemical responses of Van fish (Alburnus tarichiGuldenstadt, 1814) during sublethal exposure to cypermethrin

Combinations of cypermethrin and dimethoate alter behavior, hematology and histology of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

“…The observed abnormal behaviors were similar to reported toxicity response of other fish species to either cypermethrin or dimethoate [7,1,20] and signal biochemical, physiological and morphological toxicity [8]. The pesticides are known to inhibit neurotransmission and thus affect coordination in intoxicated organisms [1,5,33]. Cypermethrin and dimethoate inactivate the sodium voltage-sensitive channel of the neural membrane and inhibit acetylcholinesterase, respectively resulting in cascades of activities that lead to nervous failure, over stimulation of effector organs, impairment of respiration and neural transmission [5,7].…”

“…The observed abnormal behaviors were similar to reported toxicity response of other fish species to either cypermethrin or dimethoate [7,1,20] and signal biochemical, physiological and morphological toxicity [8]. The pesticides are known to inhibit neurotransmission and thus affect coordination in intoxicated organisms [1,5,33].…”

“…Significant decreases in the RBC, HB, PVC, MCHC, MCH and MCV of toxicant-exposed fish compared to the control in concentration dependent manner could be attributed to anemia. Decline in RBC, MCHC, MCH and MCV suggests stress-induced erythropenia probably caused by hemolysis, inhibition of erythropoiesis and, pathological damage to some tissues and hematopoietic organs as reported by Dogan and Can [8], Akinrotimi et al [36], Majumder and Kaviraj [37] and Özok et al [1]. These are similar to hematological toxicity of endosulfan and phosphamidon on Barbus conchonius [38], diazinon on C. carpio [2], dimethoate on O. mykiss [8] and C. batrachus [35], glyphosate on C. gariepinus [15] and cypermethrin on O. mykiss [2].…”

“…In agriculture, pesticides are widely used to control pests that reduce yield in order to boost productivity [1]. Cypermethrin and dimethoate are common pesticides used to control pests that affect crops (rice, cotton, soyabeans and vegetables) and animals (sheep, cattle and poultry) [2,3].…”

“…Bioaccumulated pesticides could damage some vital organs in the fish [15,20] and cause severe ecological damages [6]. Furthermore, metabolism of most pesticides and xenobiotics in fish results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1,4,21]. This could lead to oxidative damage of the liver, kidney, gill, brain, blood, heart and muscular cells [4,7,8,22,23].…”