Hemalin, a thrombin inhibitor isolated from a midgut cDNA library from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis

Liao, Min; Zhou, Jinlin; Gong, Haiyan; Boldbaatar, Damdinsuren; Shirafuji, Rika; Battur, Banzragch; Nishikawa, Yoshifumi; Fujisaki, Kozo

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.11.004

Cited by 60 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Oliveira et al (2010) have summarized the six categories of active molecules from the salivary glands of ticks: 1) prostaglandin (Bowman et al, 1995); 2) histamine band proteins (Arocha-Pinango et al, 1999); 3) platelet aggregation inhibitor (Mans et al, 2002); 4) thrombin inhibitor (Liao et al, 2009); 5) antimicrobial protein (Lai et al, 2004b); and 6) an opioid peptide analog identified from neuroganglion, which is believed to inhibit algesthesia in the host (Lai et al, 2004a,b). The domain that mediates inflammation in the allergic reaction caused by these bioactive molecules is histamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Yu¹,

Cui²,

Zhou³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT.We investigated a possible association between bovine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and resistance to tick infestation in 103 cattle, including BMY cattle (1/2 Brahman, 1/4 Murray Grey, and 1/4 Yunnan Yellow cattle), Brahman, and Red Angus grazing on improved pasture. The tick infestation weight and number of Rhipicephalus microplus and the blood histamine concentration were measured and compared with those of 32 Chinese Holsteins and 30 Simmentals. A 228-bp fragment was amplified and sequenced to analyze the polymorphisms of the TLR4 gene. After SSCP and sequencing analysis, 4 SNPs, i.e., 535(A>C), 546(T>C), 605(T>A), and 618(G>C), were identified, corresponding to GenBank accession Nos. AY297041 and NW_003104150; the latter two SNPs caused Leu→Gln and Gln→His substitutions, respectively. Genotype AA was completely predominant in the Chinese Holstein and Simmental; genotypes AA and AB were detected in Red Angus, while genotypes AA, AB, BB, and BC were detected in Brahman and in BMY cattle. A negative correlation was identified between blood histamine concentration and number of tick infestation; in BMY cattle this negative association was significant. The tick infestation in cattle with genotype BB was significantly lower than in those with genotype AA. Blood histamine concentration in cattle with genotype BB was significantly higher than in those with genotype AA. The TLR4 gene mutation could affect the blood histamine level and activate the immune reaction after tick infestation. Allele B has potential as a molecular marker for tick-resistance originated from Zebu cattle for use in cattle breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Yu¹,

Cui²,

Zhou³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…In ixodids, a group of double domain Kunitz-BPTI proteins of non-salivary gland origin (amblin, boophilin, ixophilin, hemalin), that targets thrombin has been characterized and shows superficial similarities in mechanism to the ornithodorin group (Lai et al 2004;Liao et al 2009;Macedo-Ribeiro et al 2008;Narasimhan et al 2013). …”

Section: Orthologous Secretory Proteins In Tick Lineagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral reconstruction of tick lineages

Mans

Castro

Pienaar

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

100

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“…The presence of inhibitors of thrombin, the main serine proteinase responsible for mammal haemostasis, has been observed in numerous blood-sucking arthropods (Liao et al 2009). We suspect that serine proteinase inhibitors from V. destructor extracts and E/S products found in these studies may also limit bee haemolymph coagulations, thus facilitating haemolymph uptake by a mite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anticoagulation factors, including thrombin inhibitors belonging to the Kunitz family, have been observed in the salivary glands, saliva, intestine and haemolymph of ticks (Martiz-Olivier et al 2007, Liao et al 2009). In addition to the thrombin inhibitor, a cysteine proteinase (legumain) is also present in the mid-intestine of Haemaphysalis longicornis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mutual influence of proteins from Varroa destructor extracts and from honeybee haemolymph on their proteolytic activity — in vitro study

Frączek

Zoltowska

Lipiński³

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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The influence of extracts from Varroa destructor, a parasitic mite of the honeybee Apis mellifera, on the proteinase activity of worker bee haemolymph was analysed in vitro, along with the influence of bee haemolymph on the proteolytic activity of V. destructor extract. The study was conducted in three different environments: pH 7.5 (high activity of bee enzymes and very low activity of parasite enzymes), pH 5 (moderate activity of enzymes from both sources) and pH 3.5 (limited activity of bee proteinases and high activity of mite proteinases). Based on electrophoretic studies, the inhibition of the activity of bee haemolymph proteinases by V. destructor extracts was observed at each pH. The study at pH 7.5 with commercial inhibitors of the 4 main classes of proteinases (pepstatin A, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), E-64 (trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)-butane), soybean trypsin inhibitor and Kunitz inhibitor) suggested that parasite extracts mainly inhibited serine proteinases and, to a lower degree, cysteine and aspartyl proteinases. At pH 3.5 and pH 5, a decrease of approximately 40% in parasite proteinase activity was also observed in the presence of bee haemolymph. The result points to the presence of aspartyl proteinase inhibitors in bee haemolymph, which may be an important defence element for bees during food intake by a mite. It was demonstrated that trypsin and trypsin inhibitors are active in the excretion/secretion products of V. destructor, the proteinases of which may assist the parasite in food suckling by preventing haemolymph coagulation, among other things.

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Hemalin, a thrombin inhibitor isolated from a midgut cDNA library from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Association of bovine Toll-like receptor 4 with tick infestation rates and blood histamine concentration

Ancestral reconstruction of tick lineages

The mutual influence of proteins from Varroa destructor extracts and from honeybee haemolymph on their proteolytic activity — in vitro study

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