Help Less or Help More —Perceived Intergroup Threat and Out-Group Helping

Li, Tingyan; Zhao, Yufang

doi:10.5539/ijps.v4n4p90

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Participants. A minimum sample size of 100 male students was targeted based on a power analysis of previous studies which experimentally manipulated threat (Chen et al, 2017;Danbold & Huo, 2015;Florack et al, 2003;Li & Zhao, 2012;Maddux et al, 2008;Major et al, 2018), deriving an average effect size of d = 0.88. It should, however, be noted that this power analysis was conducted for comparisons between two independent groups, and did not account for our more complex analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance towards increasing gender diversity in masculine domains: The role of intergroup threat

Jones

Turner

Latu

2022

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Efforts to increase diversity can often be met with resistance amongst high-status groups. Despite this, little is known about majority-group responses towards increasing gender diversity, and the psychological mechanisms underlying them. Across five studies, we extended intergroup threat theory to advance understanding of resistance towards gender diversity amongst men in masculine domains (Studies 1–3 and 5) and amongst women in feminine domains (Study 4). Experimental evidence from male STEM students (Study 1) and professionals (Studies 2 and 5) revealed that realistic threats underlie resistance. Experimentally reducing realistic threat ( N = 165) reduced negative reactions. Whereas realistic-threat-based resistance towards increasing gender diversity did not extend to women in female-dominated domains (Study 4, N = 105), there was a tendency for women high in ingroup identity to show a similar pattern to men. We discuss how we advance theory on diversity resistance, and discuss strategies which may effectively reduce resistance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance towards increasing gender diversity in masculine domains: The role of intergroup threat

Jones

Turner

Latu

2022

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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“…Subsequently, the perceiver may feel reluctant to collaborate with the disputant. To support this statement, research has demonstrated that an individual offers less help to people in outgroups (Li & Zhao, 2012) or more strongly opposes actions that benefit them (Renfro et al, 2006) if he or she perceives a higher level of threat from them. This example illustrates how perceptions of others' threats may explain the different impacts of mild versus intense task conflict expressions in future research.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can conflict cultivate collaboration? The positive impact of mild versus intense task conflict via perceived openness rather than emotions.

Tsai¹

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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Previous research has demonstrated negative associations between task-relevant conflicts and collaboration. To supplement the previous findings and explore the potential benefits of conflicts, we differentiate between two types of task conflict expressions (i.e., mild vs. intense task conflicts, such as debates vs. disagreements regarding work-related issues) in dyad interactions and propose the differential effects of mild versus intense task conflicts on collaboration based on the theory of conflict expression. In three studies with experimental manipulations and surveys on working adults, the results demonstrated that perceptions of debates versus disagreements (in Studies 1 and 2) or mild versus intense task conflicts (in Study 3) enhanced perceivers’ collaboration with others via the perceivers’ assessments of others’ openness rather than emotions. The findings regarding positive associations between mild task conflicts and collaboration implicate the coexistence of conflict and collaboration. Moreover, the results showed that debates versus disagreements (in Study 1) or mild versus intense task conflicts (in Study 3) achieved high task performance by enhancing perceptions of others’ openness that subsequently increased collaboration. These findings clarify why conflicts inconsistently influence interpersonal interactions and task performance.

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“…Leidner, Castano & Ginges (2013) find perceiving the out-group as sentient beings, rather than dehumanizing them, increases support for conflict resolution by diplomatic rather than violent means. Post-disaster help was not extended to the out-group when its members were perceived as threatening (Li & Zhao, 2012), with majority (Italian) survivors exhibiting lower intentions to help minority (immigrant) survivors following the earthquakes in Italy through the mediator of threat to resources posed by immigrants (Andrighetto et al, 2016). Overall, perceptions toward out-group victims had a significant effect on the amount of donations given (Eckel, Grossman & Milano, 2007).…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disasters and intergroup peace in sub-Saharan Africa

Chung

Rhee²

2022

Journal of Peace Research

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How do disasters affect intergroup peace and conflict? Existing research shows that disasters can have opposing effects on how we perceive others: they can exacerbate existing tension in some cases or serve as catalysts for peace and cooperation in others. Yet we know little about the conditions under which we should expect one or the other. In this study, we estimate the impact of disasters on perceptions of out-groups. We combine a dataset of mass disasters with tens of thousands of individual-level survey responses recorded in Round 6 of the Afrobarometer data between 2014 and 2015. Using a difference-in-differences approach exploiting spatial and temporal proximity to disaster occurrences, we estimate the degree to which disasters affect public opinion toward out-groups. As disaster occurrence is plausibly exogenous to interview dates or respondent locations, our approach allows for an improved test of how the shock from disaster can impact public perceptions. Moreover, we show such impact varies by considering the differences in political salience of out-group identities and short- versus long-term differences in the impact on group dynamics. The implications of our findings for understanding the aftermath of past disasters and effects of future disasters on intergroup peace and conflict are discussed.

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Help Less or Help More —Perceived Intergroup Threat and Out-Group Helping

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Resistance towards increasing gender diversity in masculine domains: The role of intergroup threat

Resistance towards increasing gender diversity in masculine domains: The role of intergroup threat

Can conflict cultivate collaboration? The positive impact of mild versus intense task conflict via perceived openness rather than emotions.

Disasters and intergroup peace in sub-Saharan Africa

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