Helminth protection against type-1 diabetes: an insight into immunomodulatory effect of helminth-induced infection

Mughal, Muhammad Adnan Sabir; Khan, Muhammad Kasib; Abbas, Zaheer; Abbas, Rao Zahid; Bajwa, Hammad Ur Rehman; Chatha, Abdullah Khalid; Imran, Muhammad; Sindhu, Zia ud Din; Abbas, Amjad; Zafar, Arsalan; Nadeem, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06663-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…17 On the other hand, several authors reported protective effects of parasitic helminth infections on development of autoimmunity due to activation of T-helper cell 2 pathway. 18,19 Furthermore, our second patient showed no hints of a helminth infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Association between Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome and Small-Vessel CNS Vasculitis: A Case of Polyautoimmunity

Grinstein,

Hecher,

Weiss

et al. 2024

Neuropediatrics

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We report a case study of 2 male pediatric patients presenting with anterior uveitis and elevated renal function parameters. Both were diagnosed with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome and subsequently developed diffuse cerebral symptoms like headache, fatigue and dizziness. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain showed T2-hyperintense lesions with and without gadolinium enhancement leading to brain biopsy and diagnosis of CNS small vessel vasculitis in both cases. Both patients were treated according to BrainWorks CNS small vessel vasculitis protocol and symptoms vanished over the course of treatment. Follow-up MRIs up to 12 months after initiation of therapy showed no signs of recurrence indicating a monophasic disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Association between Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome and Small-Vessel CNS Vasculitis: A Case of Polyautoimmunity

Grinstein,

Hecher,

Weiss

et al. 2024

Neuropediatrics

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“…Fortunately, regardless of the harmful consequences of T. spiralis infection, the other side of the coin is significantly optimistic. T. spiralis was reported to delay and modulate Type 1 diabetes onset and progression by either T. spiralis infection or parasite products, which are useful in medical treatments for other illnesses [35]. Moreover, according to Bruschi, Ashour and Othman [20], T. spiralis has an inhibitory effect on neutrophil inflammatory function, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and regulated human dendritic cell activation.…”

Section: Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Trichinella spiralis Larval Extract as a Biological Anti‐Tumor Therapy in a Murine Model of Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma

Younis,

Salama,

Elmehy

et al. 2024

Parasite Immunology

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Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is an immunomodulating parasite that can adversely affect tumor growth and extend host lifespan. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which T. spiralis larval antigens achieve this effect using Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC) murine model. Assessment was done by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of caspase‐3, TNF‐α, Ki‐67 and CD31. Additionally, Bcl2 and Bcl2‐associated protein X (Bax) relative gene expression was assessed by molecular analysis for studying the effect of T. spiralis crude larval extract (CLE) antigen on tumor necrosis, apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. We found that both T. spiralis infection and CLE caused a decrease in the areas of necrosis in ESC. Moreover, they led to increased apoptosis through activation of caspase‐3, up‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic gene, Bax and down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic gene, Bcl2. Also, T. spiralis infection and CLE diminished ESC proliferation, as evidenced by decreasing Ki‐67. T. spiralis infection and CLE were able to suppress the development of ESC by inhibiting tumor proliferation, inducing apoptosis and decreasing tumor necrosis, with subsequent decrease in tumor metastasis. T. spiralis CLE antigen may be considered as a promising complementary immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer.

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“…In addition to IBD, CeD, and MS, clinical trials for helminth therapy have been conducted for numerous immune-mediated diseases, such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, autoimmune encephalitis, peanut allergy, asthma, plaque psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type-1 diabetes [ 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ], in addition to metabolic disorders, including type-2 diabetes and abdominal obesity [ 74 , 136 ]. All of these studies have demonstrated varying levels of success, but supervised exposure to helminthic therapy has always been safe with at worst minor side effects.…”

Section: Clinical Studies With Helminths In Patients With Inflammator...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)

2023

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Helminths are multicellular invertebrates that colonize the gut of many vertebrate animals including humans. This colonization can result in pathology, which requires treatment. It can also lead to a commensal and possibly even a symbiotic relationship where the helminth and the host benefit from each other’s presence. Epidemiological data have linked helminth exposure to protection from immune disorders that include a wide range of diseases, such as allergies, autoimmune illnesses, and idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the gut, which are grouped as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Treatment of moderate to severe IBD involves the use of immune modulators and biologics, which can cause life-threatening complications. In this setting, their safety profile makes helminths or helminth products attractive as novel therapeutic approaches to treat IBD or other immune disorders. Helminths stimulate T helper-2 (Th2) and immune regulatory pathways, which are targeted in IBD treatment. Epidemiological explorations, basic science studies, and clinical research on helminths can lead to the development of safe, potent, and novel therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat IBD in addition to other immune disorders.

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Helminth protection against type-1 diabetes: an insight into immunomodulatory effect of helminth-induced infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Association between Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome and Small-Vessel CNS Vasculitis: A Case of Polyautoimmunity

Association between Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome and Small-Vessel CNS Vasculitis: A Case of Polyautoimmunity

Trichinella spiralis Larval Extract as a Biological Anti‐Tumor Therapy in a Murine Model of Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma

Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)

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