Helicopter Pilots’ Tasks, Subjective Workload, and the Role of External Visual Cues During Shipboard Landing

Tušl, Martin; Rainieri, Giuseppe; Fraboni, Federico; Angelis, Marco De; Depolo, Marco; Pietrantoni, Luca; Pingitore, Andrea

doi:10.1177/1555343420948720

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Of course, accessing experts' cognitions can be a complex task. Positively, the use of Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) in domains outside of S and C has been successfully applied in fields including clinical nursing [11], firefighting [12], flight planning [13] and helicopter pilots [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Roles and Consequent Decision-Making Processes of High-Level Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Downes

Collins

2021

Societies

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Research into sports coaches has identified the valuable role they play concerning social support provided to athletes together with their contribution to social and cultural interactions within both the participation and performance domains. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively extract and examine the knowledge and on-task cognitions of high-level coaches (HLCs) within strength and conditioning (S and C). Applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) was used to examine ten HLCs, each purposefully sampled to reflect over eight years of work in full time environments. The analysis of responses demonstrated HLCs engage in a pattern of innovative and diverse thinking, together with adaptability and multilevel planning, designed to promote an inclusive approach from performers, coaches and management. Commonality was demonstrated within the decision making of HLCs during the design of training programs. Communication was another important consideration when connecting with athletes, observing athletes, speaking to the head coach and integrating their approach with others. A confident, flexible approach to adapting to situational demands was evident and supported by the ability to recall and select from a wide range of previously learnt and tested strategies. Evidence is offered for the importance of interpersonal and social factors in HLCs’ relationships with athletes and coaches. The incorporation of strategies to support versatile, dynamic decision making within future S and C coach development materials will support more impactful performances by coaches at all stages of the coaching process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Roles and Consequent Decision-Making Processes of High-Level Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Downes

Collins

2021

Societies

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“…However, display modality is only one amongst many ergonomic considerations, and relevant information also had to be provided to users to improve performance. Task analysis was used, initially and continuously to investigate pilots’ habits in picking up cues and regulating their maneuvers [ 5 , 11 , 12 ]. Such methodologies provide insight about the available, relevant, and used perceptual variables and perceptual-motor strategies when landing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

et al. 2021

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Helicopter landing on a ship is a visually regulated "rendezvous" task during which pilots must use fine control to land a powerful rotorcraft on the deck of a moving ship tossed by the sea while minimizing the energy at impact. Although augmented reality assistance can be hypothesized to improve pilots’ performance and the safety of landing maneuvers by guiding action toward optimal behavior in complex and stressful situations, the question of the optimal information to be displayed to feed the pilots’ natural information-movement coupling remains to be investigated. Novice participants were instructed to land a simplified helicopter on a ship in a virtual reality simulator while minimizing energy at impact and landing duration. The wave amplitude and related ship heave were manipulated. We compared the benefits of two types of visual augmentation whose design was based on either solving cockpit-induced visual occlusion problems or strengthening the online regulation of the deceleration by keeping the current τ˙ variable around an ideal value of -0.5 to conduct smooth and efficient landing. Our results showed that the second augmentation, ecologically grounded, offers benefits at several levels of analysis. It decreases the landing duration, improves the control of the helicopter displacement, and sharpens the sensitivity to changes in τ˙. This underlines the importance for designers of augmented reality systems to collaborate with psychologists to identify the relevant perceptual-motor strategy that must be encouraged before designing an augmentation that will enhance it.

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“…Balance and precision constraints, which are related to the roll, transversal and forward movements of the ship, are additional aspects worth taking into consideration when modeling the affordance and designing the Augmentation. Work domain analyses based on reviews of the literature 1 , 2 , 4 , 55 , technical reports 56 and pilots’ interviews have suggested in fact that the deck-landing-ability is a multidimensional affordance 57 which depends not only on the touchdown velocity constraints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual augmentation of deck-landing-ability improves helicopter ship landing decisions

Thomas

Serres

Rakotomamonjy

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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When attempting to land on a ship deck tossed by the sea, helicopter pilots must make sure that the helicopter can develop sufficient lift to be able to safely touchdown. This reminder of affordance theory led us to model and study the affordance of deck-landing-ability, which defines whether it is possible to land safely on a ship deck depending on the helicopter's available lift and the ship’s deck heave movements. Two groups of participants with no piloting experience using a laptop helicopter simulator attempted to land either a low-lifter or a heavy-lifter helicopter on a virtual ship deck by either triggering a pre-programmed lift serving as the descent law if it was deemed possible to land, or aborting the deck-landing maneuver. The deck-landing-ability was manipulated by varying the helicopter's initial altitude and the ship's heave phase between trials. We designed a visual augmentation making visible the deck-landing-ability, and thus enabling participants to maximize the safety of their deck-landing attempts and reduce the number of unsafe deck-landing. The visual augmentation presented here was perceived by participants as a means of facilitating this decision-making process. The benefits were found to have originated from the clear-cut distinction it helped them to make between safe and unsafe deck-landing windows and the display of the optimal time for initiating the landing.

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Helicopter Pilots’ Tasks, Subjective Workload, and the Role of External Visual Cues During Shipboard Landing

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Examining the Roles and Consequent Decision-Making Processes of High-Level Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Examining the Roles and Consequent Decision-Making Processes of High-Level Strength and Conditioning Coaches

Ecological design of augmentation improves helicopter ship landing maneuvers: An approach in augmented virtuality

Visual augmentation of deck-landing-ability improves helicopter ship landing decisions

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