Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease: evolution to revolution to resolution.

Pattison, CP; Combs, Matthew J.; Marshall, Barry J.

doi:10.2214/ajr.168.6.9168699

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach of over half of the world’s population, and is a leading cause of stomach infections, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and stomach cancer [ 134 , 135 ]. Indeed, H. pylori infection is a serious health problem because it is estimated that ~75% of all stomach cancer cases worldwide are caused by H. pylori infection [ 136 ].…”

Section: Examples Of Therapeutic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides: Biological Activities, Experimental Testing, and Therapeutic Applications

Yoon

Jackman

Valle-González

et al. 2018

IJMS

397

320

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Antimicrobial lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are promising antibacterial agents that destabilize bacterial cell membranes, causing a wide range of direct and indirect inhibitory effects. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest experimental approaches for characterizing how antimicrobial lipids destabilize phospholipid membranes within the broader scope of introducing current knowledge about the biological activities of antimicrobial lipids, testing strategies, and applications for treating bacterial infections. To this end, a general background on antimicrobial lipids, including structural classification, is provided along with a detailed description of their targeting spectrum and currently understood antibacterial mechanisms. Building on this knowledge, different experimental approaches to characterize antimicrobial lipids are presented, including cell-based biological and model membrane-based biophysical measurement techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on drawing out how biological and biophysical approaches complement one another and can yield mechanistic insights into how the physicochemical properties of antimicrobial lipids influence molecular self-assembly and concentration-dependent interactions with model phospholipid and bacterial cell membranes. Examples of possible therapeutic applications are briefly introduced to highlight the potential significance of antimicrobial lipids for human health and medicine, and to motivate the importance of employing orthogonal measurement strategies to characterize the activity profile of antimicrobial lipids.

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Section: Examples Of Therapeutic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides: Biological Activities, Experimental Testing, and Therapeutic Applications

Yoon

Jackman

Valle-González

et al. 2018

IJMS

397

320

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show abstract

“…Helicobacter pylori colonises the stomach or duodenum of about half the human population. The presence of these bacteria is causally linked to gastritis, dyspepsia, stomach and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer [1,2]. The best available treatments with combinations of drugs give between 70 and 100% eradication of the bacterium, but patient compliance, side‐effects of the drugs, and the developing resistance of the bacterium to the available antibiotics (present in 2–40% of patients depending on the antibiotic) [3–7] are continuing problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial actions of fatty acids and monoglycerides againstHelicobacter pylori

Sun¹,

O’Connor²,

Roberton³

2003

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

198

137

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The bactericidal potencies of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and monoglycerides (MGs) against Helicobacter pylori were determined following short incubations with freshly harvested cells over a range of pHs. FAs and their derivatives with an equivalent-carbon number of 12 were the most potent: lauric acid had a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at pH 7.4 of 1 mM, myristoleic and linolenic acid were the most potent unsaturated FAs (MBCs of 0.5 mM, pH 7.4), and monolaurin was the most potent MG (MBC 0.5 mM). Potencies of saturated FAs were increased sharply by lowering pH, and a decrease of only 0.5 pH units can cause a change from non-lethal to lethal conditions. Conversely, the bactericidal action of monolaurin was not pH-dependent. The bactericidal potencies of unsaturated FAs increased with degree of unsaturation. When more than one FA or FA plus MGs were present, their combined action was additive. Urea and endogenous urease did not protect H. pylori from the bactericidal action of FAs. These results suggest that H. pylori present in the stomach contents (but not necessarily within the mucus barrier) should be rapidly killed by the millimolar concentrations of FAs and MGs that are produced by pre-intestinal lipase(s) acting on suitable triglycerides such as milk fat.

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“…Helicobacter pylori is a spiral shaped, Gram-negative, microaerophilic, highly motile bacterium [1, 2, 3, 4]. It is a neutralophile that is ecologically restricted to the mucus layer overlaying the human gastric epithelium and an etiologic agent of peptic ulcer disease, chronic active gastritis, and non-ulcer dyspepsia [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a neutralophile that is ecologically restricted to the mucus layer overlaying the human gastric epithelium and an etiologic agent of peptic ulcer disease, chronic active gastritis, and non-ulcer dyspepsia [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. When untreated, infection may persist for decades, increasing the risk for the development of gastric malignancies such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma [5, 6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of the acid sensing histidine kinase gene arsS in Helicobacter pylori populations from anatomically distinct gastric sites

Hallinger

Romero–Gallo

Peek

et al. 2012

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Phase variation is frequently utilized by bacterial species to affect gene expression such that phenotypic variants are maintained within populations, ensuring survival as environmental or host conditions change. Unusual among Helicobacter pylori phase variable or contingency genes is arsS, encoding a sensory histidine kinase involved in the acid acclimation of the organism. The presence of a 3′ homopolymeric cytosine tract of variable length in arsS among Helicobacter pylori strains allows for the expression of various functional ArsS isoforms, differing in carboxy-terminal protein domains. In this study, we analyzed this 3′ arsS region via amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequencing analyses for H. pylori populations from 3 different gastric sites of 12 patients. Our data indicate the presence of multiple arsS alleles within each population of H. pylori derived from the gastric antrum, cardia, or corpus of these patients. We also show that H. pylori, derived from the same anatomical site and patient, are predicted to express multiple ArsS isoforms in each population investigated. Furthermore, we identify a polymorphic deletion within arsS that generates another alternate ArsS C-terminal end. These findings suggest that four C-terminal variations of ArsS adds to the complexity of the ArsRS acid adaptation mechanism as a whole and may influence the ability of H. pylori to persist in the gastric niche for decades.

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Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease: evolution to revolution to resolution.

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides: Biological Activities, Experimental Testing, and Therapeutic Applications

Antibacterial Free Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides: Biological Activities, Experimental Testing, and Therapeutic Applications

Antibacterial actions of fatty acids and monoglycerides againstHelicobacter pylori

Polymorphisms of the acid sensing histidine kinase gene arsS in Helicobacter pylori populations from anatomically distinct gastric sites

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