Heightened Gingival Inflammation and Attachment Loss in Type 2 Diabetics With Hyperlipidemia

Abstract

This confirms our earlier work in the diabetic rat model. These studies indicate that decreased metabolic control in type 2 diabetics results in increased serum triglycerides and has a negative influence on all clinical measures of periodontal health, particularly in patients without preexisting periodontitis. Levels of the cytokine IL- 1beta showed a trend for increasing as diabetic control diminished. In contrast, levels of the growth factor PDGF, which normally increase in periodontitis, decreased in poorly controlled diabetics with periodontitis. These studies suggest a possible dysregulation of the normal cytokine/growth factor signaling axis in poorly controlled type 2 diabetics that may contribute to periodontal breakdown/diminished repair.

Gingivitis Susceptibility and its Relation to Periodontitis in Men

“…In separate models, mean attachment loss was entered as both a categorical and a continuous variable. The models were stratified by age (< 65, 65+ yrs), and full models were adjusted for age (continuous), education (up to high school/more than high school), income at DLS baseline (3 categories), marital status (married/other), BMI (continuous), diabetes (yes/no) (Hugoson et al, 1989;Cutler et al, 1999), and vitamin C intake (continuous) (Leggott et al, 1991).…”

Bidirectional association between diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal disease. A review

“…Ervasti and colleagues observed greater gingival bleeding in patients with poorly controlled diabetes compared to nondiabetics or subjects with well-controlled diabetes 18 . Patients with type 2 diabetes also had greater gingival inflammation than control subjects without diabetes; the highest level of gingivitis was found in patients with poor glycemic control 19 . A multivariate risk analysis showed that patients with type 2 diabetes had approximately threefold increased odds of having periodontitis compared to those without diabetes, after adjusting for confounding variables including age, sex and oral hygiene measures 10,11 .…”

Periodontal disease might be associated even with impaired fasting glucose

“…7 Since hyperlipidaemia was previously associated with periodontal infl ammation, 8 it was postulated that the DM-related elevation in plasma triglycerides was the linkage between DM and alveolar bone destruction. [7][8][9] However, it is controversial whether there is an association between periodontal condition and metabolic syndrome and BMI. 10,11 The aim of the present study was to further examine the association between fasting plasma glucose level and alveolar bone condition in a non-diabetic male population.…”