Height. Weight and Mortality The Norwegian Experience

Waaler, Hans Th.

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb12901.x

Cited by 447 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The inclusion criteria were as follows: age 37-60 years and BMI of 34 kg/m 2 or more for men or 38 kg/m 2 or more for women before or at the matching examination. The BMI cut-offs corresponded to an approximate doubling in the rate of death in men and women [17]. The exclusion criteria were as follows: earlier surgery for gastric or duodenal ulcer; earlier bariatric surgery; gastric ulcer during the past 6 months; ongoing malignancy or active malignancy during the past 5 years; myocardial infarction during the past 6 months; bulimic eating pattern; drug or alcohol abuse; psychiatric or cooperative problems contraindicating bariatric surgery or other contraindicating conditions (such as chronic glucocorticoid or anti-inflammatory treatment).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and remission of type 2 diabetes in relation to degree of obesity at baseline and 2 year weight change: the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study

et al. 2015

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to analyse the rates of incidence and remission of type 2 diabetes in relation to baseline BMI and weight change in the prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. Methods Three-thousand four-hundred and eighty-five obese individuals receiving bariatric surgery or conventional treatment were grouped into four baseline BMI categories (<35, 35-40, 40-45 or ≥45 kg/m 2 ) and five weight-change categories according to their BMI at 2 years (increase [≥1 BMI unit increase], no change [less than 1 BMI unit change], minor reduction [−1 to −9 BMI units], medium reduction [−10 to −14 BMI units] and major reduction [< −15 BMI units]). The incidence and remission of diabetes at 2 years was assessed. Results Among individuals with no weight change, diabetes incidence rates were 5.5%, 7.4%, 8.3% and 5.2%, in the four baseline BMI categories, respectively. In those with an initial BMI of 35-40, 40-45 and ≥45 kg/m 2 who attained a minor reduction in weight, the corresponding rates were 1.3%, 1.2% and 3.4%, respectively. In both the medium-and majorweight-reduction groups, diabetes incidence was ≤0.5%. Among individuals with diabetes at baseline, the remission rates were 15.3-26.9% in the no-weight-change groups, and 48.1-70% for individuals who attained a minor weight reduction. In the medium-and major-weight-reduction groups, the remission rate was 77-97%. There were no differences in 2 year incidence and remission rates between different baseline BMI groups that achieved the same degree of weight reduction. Conclusions/interpretation In obese individuals, the favourable effect of weight reduction on type 2 diabetes incidence and remission is independent of initial BMI. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01479452

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and remission of type 2 diabetes in relation to degree of obesity at baseline and 2 year weight change: the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study

et al. 2015

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“…The diseases and adverse health conditions associated with obesity include high blood pressure and high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer (National Institutes of Health, 1998). The mortality rates by BMI for di¤erent causes are provided in Waaler (1984).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Given the evidence that various diseases and adverse health conditions are associated with obesity (Waaler, 1984;National Institutes of Health, 1998), policy makers and researchers have responded to this growing incidence of obesity by developing plans and targets, as in Healthy People 2020 2 , to monitor and promote better public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-run effect of education on obesity in the US

Kim

2016

Economics & Human Biology

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The proportion of obese population has been gradually increasing in the US over the past few decades. In this study I investigate how education is associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) in later stages of life. BMI, weight(kg)=height(m) 2 ; is the principle measure used for classifying people as obese. Using sibling data and methods that take account of unobserved endowments and environment shared by siblings, I …nd that there is large variation in BMI between siblings and that education is negatively associated with BMI. One more year of schooling is associated with an estimated reduction of 0.15 in BMI. When considering di¤erent education levels, completing college education is associated with 0.7 reduction in BMI relative to high school graduation only. The signi…cant e¤ect of education on obesity that remains in the long-run has policy implications.

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“…The BMI values of historical population were generally much lower than modern ones, obesity was at a low level of 1% and undernutrition was a frequent diagnosis and thus a relevant public health issue. As the u-shaped relationship between BMI and morbidity and mortality (Waaler, 1984) is well documented and extremely low and high BMI values are associated with poor health and greater mortality risk (Cuff, 1993;Fogel, 1994;Murray, 1997;Henderson, 2005;Linares and Su, 2005), it is crucial to know more about the onset, degree and social stratification of such extreme BMI values, relative to the modern pandemic of obesity.…”

Section: Explored Bmi Patterns For the Unitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMI distribution/social stratification in Swiss conscripts from 1875 to present

et al. 2010

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, contrary to the nineteenth century, unskilled workers had articulately higher BMI values at the 75th, 90th and 95th percentile than students; 12% of unskilled workers were obese against 2% of students. Conclusions: It thus seems that BMI relations between the upper and the lower end of the socio-economic strata changed inversely from the late-nineteenth century to [2005][2006]. We further propose that the phenomenon of massive right-skewing BMI distribution between the 1930s and 2005-2006 affected the lower socio-economic strata to a far greater extent than the higher socio-economic group.

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Height. Weight and Mortality The Norwegian Experience

Cited by 447 publications

References 26 publications

Incidence and remission of type 2 diabetes in relation to degree of obesity at baseline and 2 year weight change: the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study

Incidence and remission of type 2 diabetes in relation to degree of obesity at baseline and 2 year weight change: the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study

The long-run effect of education on obesity in the US

BMI distribution/social stratification in Swiss conscripts from 1875 to present

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