The long-run effect of education on obesity in the US

Kim, Young-Joo

doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2015.12.003

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Studies usually include a range of parental socioeconomic conditioning factors in the estimation, arguably this controls for part of the family "environmental" factors. Evidence suggests that socioeconomic factors such as education has a long run effect on obesity (Kim 2016). Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), Coneus and Spiess (2008) estimate the intergenerational relationship of both father and mother and children.…”

Section: Evidence On Intergenerational Transmission Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intergenerational transmission of body mass index across countries

Dolton

Xiao

2017

Economics & Human Biology

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There is a worldwide epidemic of obesity. We are just beginning to understand its consequences for child obesity. This paper addresses one important component of the crisis; namely the extent to which adiposity, or more specifically, BMI, is passed down from one generation to the next. We find that the intergenerational elasticity of BMI is very similar across countries and relatively constant - at 0.2 per parent. Our substantive finding is that this elasticity is very comparable across time and countries - even if these countries are at very different stages of economic development. Quantile analysis suggests that this intergenerational transmission mechanism is substantively different across the distribution of children's BMI; more than double for the most obese children what it is for the thinnest children. These findings have important consequences for the health of the world's children..

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Section: Evidence On Intergenerational Transmission Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intergenerational transmission of body mass index across countries

Dolton

Xiao

2017

Economics & Human Biology

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“…Some studies have found no causal effect (Amin et al, 2015;Arendt, 2005;Lundborg, 2012); others have found causal effects much smaller than a simple regression of BMI on educational attainment would imply (Brunello et al, 2013;Kenkel et al, 2006;Kim, 2016;von Hippel and Lynch, 2014); and one study found a causal effect larger than a simple regression would suggest (Grabner, 2009). These designs are improvements over approaches using only covariates to address selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does more education cause lower BMI, or do lower-BMI individuals become more educated? Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979

Benson

Hippel

Lynch

2018

Social Science & Medicine

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More educated adults have lower average body mass index (BMI). This may be due to selection, if adolescents with lower BMI attain higher levels of education, or it may be due to causation, if higher educational attainment reduces BMI gain in adulthood. We test for selection and causation in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, which has followed a representative US cohort from age 14-22 in 1979 through age 47-55 in 2012. Using ordinal logistic regression, we test the selection hypothesis that overweight and obese adolescents were less likely to earn high school diplomas and bachelor's degrees. Then, controlling for selection with individual fixed effects, we estimate the causal effect of degree completion on BMI and obesity status. Among 18-year-old women, but not among men, being overweight or obese predicts lower odds of attaining higher levels of education. At age 47-48, higher education is associated with lower BMI, but 70-90% of the association is due to selection. Net of selection, a bachelor's degree predicts less than a 1 kg reduction in body weight, and a high school credential does not reduce BMI.

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“…To address how education could influence BMI, a study with siblings sharing the same environment was performed. This study demonstrated that higher education levels correlate with a lower BMI ( Kim, 2016 ). Educational level could affect the selection and purchase of healthy food due to the knowledge of healthy food ( Bhurosy and Jeewon, 2014 ).…”

Section: Obesogenic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 57%

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

2020

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Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway ( LEP , LEPR , POMC , BDNF , MC4R , PCSK1 , SIM1 , BDNF , TrkB , etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity ( FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2 , among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases ( APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNF α, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3 , among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.

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The long-run effect of education on obesity in the US

Cited by 43 publications

References 45 publications

The intergenerational transmission of body mass index across countries

The intergenerational transmission of body mass index across countries

Does more education cause lower BMI, or do lower-BMI individuals become more educated? Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979

Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases

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