Heifer nutrition during early- and mid-pregnancy alters fetal growth trajectory and birth weight

Micke, G.C.; Sullivan, T.M.; Magalhães, Ricardo J. Soares; Rolls, P.J.; Norman, Scott; Perry, V.E.A.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.03.010

Cited by 71 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Up-regulation of IGF1 mRNA in females following exposure to maternal diets high in nutrients during the first trimester, combined with increased tissue sensitivity to the effects of IGF1 via increased IGF1R mRNA, may have enhanced progeny PR adipocyte cell number and, therefore, tissue lipid storage capacity. Importantly, this hypothesis is supported by the concurrent increase in LEP mRNA expression in PR adipose tissue of males exposed to a high level of maternal nutrient intake during the second trimester being also of heavier in birth weight than their low-nutrient exposed counterparts (Micke et al 2010b). This is because LEP mRNA expression is directly associated with fetal growth (Duffield et al 2008), fetal weight (Yuen et al 1999) and level of maternal nutrient intake during gestation (Muhlhausler et al 2007a).…”

Section: Nutritionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…We have previously reported that in this cohort progeny that were exposed to high levels of maternal nutrition during T2 were 8.3% heavier at birth (HHCLH Z33.05G0.81 kg) compared with their counterparts exposed to low levels of maternal nutrition (HLCLL Z30.76G0.59 kg; PZ0.03) (Micke et al 2010b). From 191 to 657 d, however, males that were exposed to low levels of maternal nutrition during T1 (LHCLL) were w4% heavier than their counterparts exposed to high levels of maternal nutrition (HHCHL; PZ0.04) (Micke et al 2010a).…”

Section: Postnatal Growth and Sc Adipose Tissue Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heifer nutrient intake during early- and mid-gestation programs adult offspring adiposity and mRNA expression of growth-related genes in adipose depots

Micke

Sullivan²,

McMillen³

et al. 2011

Reproduction

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Changes in maternal nutrient intake during gestation alter IGF receptor abundance and leptin (LEP) mRNA expression in fetal adipose tissue. It is not known whether such changes persist into adult life and whether they are associated with an effect on phenotype. We investigated the effect of high (240%) and low (70%) levels of recommended daily crude protein intake for beef heifers during the first and second trimesters of gestation on singleton progeny (nZ68): subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue depth at rump (P8) and rib (RF) sites from 65 until 657 days of age; plasma leptin concentrations from birth until 657 days and expression of IGF1 and IGF2, their receptors (IGF1R and IGF2R) and LEP mRNA in perirenal (PR), omental (OM) and SC adipose tissue at 680 days of age. High-protein diets during the first trimester increased LEP and IGF1 mRNA in PR of males and females, respectively, compared with low-protein diets, and decreased IGF1R mRNA in SC of all progeny but increased RF depth of males between 552 and 657 days. High-protein diets compared with low-protein diets during the second trimester increased IGF1R mRNA in PR and OM of all progeny; LEP mRNA in PR of males; and IGF2 and IGF2R mRNA in OM of all progeny. Conversely, LEP mRNA in OM and IGF2 mRNA in PR of all progeny were decreased following exposure to high-compared with low-protein diets during the second trimester. Heifer diet during gestation has permanent sex-and depot-specific effects on the expression of adipogenic and adipocytokine genes and offspring adiposity.

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Section: Nutritionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Postnatal Growth and Sc Adipose Tissue Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heifer nutrient intake during early- and mid-gestation programs adult offspring adiposity and mRNA expression of growth-related genes in adipose depots

Micke

Sullivan²,

McMillen³

et al. 2011

Reproduction

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“…Some studies have found no effect ). In contrast, other studies have reported a reduction in calf birthweight as a consequence of maternal undernutrition during the second and/or third trimester of pregnancy (Warrington et al 1988;Houghton et al 1990;Freetly et al 2000;Cafe et al 2006;Micke et al 2010aMicke et al , 2010c. In general, reducing calf birthweight by means of maternal dietary restriction does not reduce the incidence of dystocia or calf morbidity.…”

Section: Animal Behaviour and Welfarecontrasting

confidence: 38%

Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals

Sinclair

Rutherford

Wallace

et al. 2016

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. The concept that postnatal health and development can be influenced by events that occur in utero originated from epidemiological studies in humans supported by numerous mechanistic (including epigenetic) studies in a variety of model species. Referred to as the 'developmental origins of health and disease' or 'DOHaD' hypothesis, the primary focus of large-animal studies until quite recently had been biomedical. Attention has since turned towards traits of commercial importance in farm animals. Herein we review the evidence that prenatal risk factors, including suboptimal parental nutrition, gestational stress, exposure to environmental chemicals and advanced breeding technologies, can determine traits such as postnatal growth, feed efficiency, milk yield, carcass composition, animal welfare and reproductive potential. We consider the role of epigenetic and cytoplasmic mechanisms of inheritance, and discuss implications for livestock production and future research endeavours. We conclude that although the concept is proven for several traits, issues relating to effect size, and hence commercial importance, remain. Studies have also invariably been conducted under controlled experimental conditions, frequently assessing single risk factors, thereby limiting their translational value for livestock production. We propose concerted international research efforts that consider multiple, concurrent stressors to better represent effects of contemporary animal production systems.

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“…This positive effect of dam parity on the size of the calf corresponds to other sources (Kertz et al, 1997). On the other hand, maternal metabolic state also affects foetal growth and BW in babies (de Rooij et al, 2006), lambs (Freetly et al, 2000) and calves (Freetly et al, 2000;Micke et al, 2009;Du et al, 2010;Micke et al, 2010). This effect could not be confirmed in the current study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Effects of parity and periconceptional metabolic state of Holstein–Friesian dams on the glucose metabolism and conformation in their newborn calves

Bossaert

Fransén

Langbeen

et al. 2014

Animal

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The metabolic state of pregnant mammals influences the offspring's development and risk of metabolic disease in postnatal life. The metabolic state in a lactating dairy cow differs immensely from that in a non-lactating heifer around the time of conception, but consequences for their calves are poorly understood. The hypothesis of this study was that differences in metabolic state between non-lactating heifers and lactating cows during early pregnancy would affect insulin-dependent glucose metabolism and development in their neonatal calves. Using a mixed linear model, concentrations of glucose, IGF-I and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were compared between 13 non-lactating heifers and 16 high-yielding dairy cows in repeated blood samples obtained during the 1st month after successful insemination. Calves born from these dams were weighed and measured at birth, and subjected to intravenous glucose and insulin challenges between 7 and 14 days of age. Eight estimators of insulin-dependent glucose metabolism were determined: glucose and insulin peak concentration, area under the curve and elimination rate after glucose challenge, glucose reduction rate after insulin challenge, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Effects of dam parity and calf sex on the metabolic and developmental traits were analysed in a two-way ANOVA. Compared with heifers, cows displayed lower glucose and IGF-I and higher NEFA concentrations during the 1st month after conception. However, these differences did not affect developmental traits and glucose homeostasis in their calves: birth weight, withers height, heart girth, and responses to glucose and insulin challenges in the calves were unaffected by their dam's parity. In conclusion, differences in the metabolic state of heifers and cows during early gestation under field conditions could not be related to their offspring's development and glucose homeostasis.

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Heifer nutrition during early- and mid-pregnancy alters fetal growth trajectory and birth weight

Cited by 71 publications

References 36 publications

Heifer nutrient intake during early- and mid-gestation programs adult offspring adiposity and mRNA expression of growth-related genes in adipose depots

Heifer nutrient intake during early- and mid-gestation programs adult offspring adiposity and mRNA expression of growth-related genes in adipose depots

Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals

Effects of parity and periconceptional metabolic state of Holstein–Friesian dams on the glucose metabolism and conformation in their newborn calves

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