Heifer nutrient intake during early- and mid-gestation programs adult offspring adiposity and mRNA expression of growth-related genes in adipose depots

Micke, G.C.; Sullivan, T.M.; McMillen, I. C.; Gentili, Sheridan; Perry, V.E.A.

doi:10.1530/rep-10-0332

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Martin et al (2007) further reported no influence of maternal protein supplementation on age at puberty of the daughters. Combined with a lack of difference in the number of antral follicles detectable by ultrasonography at 14 months of age in the present study, this could indicate that the increased proportion of heifers calving in the first 21 d is due to changes in adiposity (Micke et al, 2011) or altered uterine function. Clearly, the increased proportion of heifers calving in the first 21 d was not due to greater rates of growth, decreased age at puberty, or a greater number of antral follicles.…”

Section: Traitmentioning

confidence: 49%

The impact of cow nutrient status during the second and third trimesters on age at puberty, antral follicle count, and fertility of daughters

Cushman¹,

McNeel²,

Freetly³

2014

Livestock Science

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a b s t r a c tFluctuating feed resources to beef cows across the production cycle is a proven method for decreasing input costs; however, limiting nutrients during late gestation have been demonstrated to decrease ovarian follicle numbers in female offspring in some studies. We hypothesize that limiting nutrients to mature ( Z3 yr) crossbred beef cows during the second and third trimesters would result in daughters that would have decreased follicle numbers detectable by ultrasonography as yearlings. Over four breeding seasons, pregnant beef cows (n ¼ 397) were assigned to either Low (L), Moderate (M) or High (H) nutrient intake during the second or third trimester, resulting in four dietary treatment groups (L-H, L-L, M-H, and M-M). Heifers (n ¼416) born to these cows were weighed at weaning and moved to a dry lot where they were monitored for behavioral estrus with the aid of heat detection patches. Two weeks before their first breeding season, heifers were submitted for ultrasonographic examination of their ovaries to determine antral follicle numbers. Heifers were placed with bulls for 60 d and pregnancy status was determined 45 d after the bulls were removed. Growth and reproductive traits were analyzed using the MIXED Procedure of SAS with maternal diet and year as fixed effects. Maternal dietary intake did not affect heifer growth rates, age at puberty, or antral follicle counts (PZ 0.40). However, an increased proportion of the heifers born to dams fed a high nutrient diet during the third trimester (L-H or M-H) calved in the first 21 d of their first calving season (P¼ 0.004). Antral follicle counts detectable by ultrasonography at yearling pre-breeding examination were greater in heifers that calved during the first 21 d of their first calving season (P ¼ 0.02); however, these heifers did not differ in age at puberty (P ¼ 0.60). From this study, we conclude that: (1) limiting nutrient intake during late gestation in mature ( Z3 yr) beef cows does not influence the ovarian reserve or reproductive performance of daughters; (2) increasing maternal nutrient intake during ☆ Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of names by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.n Corresponding author. This article is a U.S. government work, and is not subject to copyright in the United States.the third trimester can improve the first service conception rates of daughters; and (3) pre-breeding ultrasonography to determine antral follicle counts is a good indicator of fertility for choosing replacement heifers. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Traitmentioning

confidence: 49%

The impact of cow nutrient status during the second and third trimesters on age at puberty, antral follicle count, and fertility of daughters

Cushman¹,

McNeel²,

Freetly³

2014

Livestock Science

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“…However, there could have been changes in expression of growth factors that had already occurred that caused the differences in adipocyte size or nimibers because we observed no increase in overall fat mass in this experiment. Adipose tissues from offspring from protein-restricted mothers have altered expression of components of the IGF system (Micke et al, 2011). This could have resulted in altered adipose tissue growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early- to mid-gestational undernutrition with or without protein supplementation on offspring growth, carcass characteristics, and adipocyte size in beef cattle1

Long

Tousley²,

Underwood

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Angus × Gelbvieh cows with 2 to 3 previous pregnancies were used to evaluate effects of maternal nutrient restriction on offspring adipose tissue morphology at standard production endpoints. At 45 d after AI to a single sire, pregnancy was confirmed and cows randomly allotted into groups and fed a control (Con, 100% of NRC recommendations), nutrient-restricted (NR, 70% of Con diet), or nutrient-restricted + protein-supplemented (NRP, 70% of Con + essential AA supply to the small intestine equal to Con) diet. At d 185 of gestation, cows were commingled and received the Con diet thereafter. Bull calves were castrated at 2 mo of age. Calves were weaned at 210 d, backgrounded for 28 d, and then placed in the feedlot for 195 d. Steers and heifers were slaughtered at an average 12th-rib fat thickness of 7.6 mm. Adipose tissue from selected depots was collected for adipocyte size analysis. There was no significant difference in BW or BCS between Con, NRP, and NR cows at d 45 of gestation, which averaged 489.7 ± 17.7 kg and 5.35 ± 0.13, respectively. At d 185 of gestation, Con and NRP groups had similar BW (566.1 ± 14.8 and 550.2 ± 14.8 kg) and BCS (6.34 ± 0.27 and 5.59 ± 0.27), but NR cows exhibited reduced (P < 0.05) BW (517.9 ± 14.8 kg) and BCS (4.81 ± 0.27). Among offspring (steers and heifers) at slaughter, there were no significant differences in BW or organ weights among treatment groups. Yield grade was reduced (P < 0.05) and semitendinosus weight/HCW tended (P = 0.09) to be reduced in NR offspring compared with Con and NRP offspring. Average adipocyte diameter was increased (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous, mesenteric, and omental adipose tissue and tended (P = 0.09) to increase in perirenal adipose tissue in NR compared with Con offspring with NRP offspring adipocyte diameter being either intermediate or similar to Con calves. The adipocyte size alterations observed in NR offspring were confirmed by DNA concentration of the adipose tissue depots. There also was an increased mRNA expression (P < 0.05) of fatty acid transporter 1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue from NR offspring compared with Con and NRP offspring. Nutritional restriction during early and mid gestation increased or tended to increase (P < 0.09) adipocyte diameter in all adipose tissue depots in finished steer and heifer calves.

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“…Sex-specific differences in adipose gene expression emerge by late gestation and dominate in early postnatal life, reflecting the significantly greater adiposity in females versus males (Wallace et al 2014b. Sex-specific differences in adipose gene expression in different fat depots have also been reported in adult cattle (Micke et al 2011b) following early gestational maternal dietary perturbation.…”

Section: Evidence For Programming Of Body Fatmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There is also one cattle study (Long et al 2010a) suggesting that overnutrition throughout gestation results in increased adiposity in older offspring (at 22 vs 19 months). Cattle studies by Micke et al (2010aMicke et al ( , 2011aMicke et al ( , 2011b show that the maternal diet during the first and second trimesters alters growth and carcass development, including fat deposition, from weaning through to slaughter at 22 months of age in a sex-specific manner. One of the main problems in trying to draw conclusions from these various studies is the variability in the timing of the nutritional insult and the age at which the offspring are studied.…”

Section: Body Fat or Adipositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals

Sinclair

Rutherford

Wallace

et al. 2016

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. The concept that postnatal health and development can be influenced by events that occur in utero originated from epidemiological studies in humans supported by numerous mechanistic (including epigenetic) studies in a variety of model species. Referred to as the 'developmental origins of health and disease' or 'DOHaD' hypothesis, the primary focus of large-animal studies until quite recently had been biomedical. Attention has since turned towards traits of commercial importance in farm animals. Herein we review the evidence that prenatal risk factors, including suboptimal parental nutrition, gestational stress, exposure to environmental chemicals and advanced breeding technologies, can determine traits such as postnatal growth, feed efficiency, milk yield, carcass composition, animal welfare and reproductive potential. We consider the role of epigenetic and cytoplasmic mechanisms of inheritance, and discuss implications for livestock production and future research endeavours. We conclude that although the concept is proven for several traits, issues relating to effect size, and hence commercial importance, remain. Studies have also invariably been conducted under controlled experimental conditions, frequently assessing single risk factors, thereby limiting their translational value for livestock production. We propose concerted international research efforts that consider multiple, concurrent stressors to better represent effects of contemporary animal production systems.

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Heifer nutrient intake during early- and mid-gestation programs adult offspring adiposity and mRNA expression of growth-related genes in adipose depots

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

The impact of cow nutrient status during the second and third trimesters on age at puberty, antral follicle count, and fertility of daughters

The impact of cow nutrient status during the second and third trimesters on age at puberty, antral follicle count, and fertility of daughters

Effects of early- to mid-gestational undernutrition with or without protein supplementation on offspring growth, carcass characteristics, and adipocyte size in beef cattle1

Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals

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