Heel bone strength is related to lifestyle factors in Okinawan men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Aims/IntroductionAlthough male diabetic patients have an increased risk of fracture, there is little information about this in the literature. The association between heel bone stiffness and the lifestyle of male patients with diabetes was evaluated.Materials and MethodsThe study included 108 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 168 age-adjusted, healthy male volunteers. None of the participants had a history of osteoporosis or other severe diseases. Heel bone stiffness was examined by quantitative ultrasound, and each participant completed a health interview survey questionnaire. Bone stiffness was taken as an indicator of bone strength. Stepwise regression analysis was used to investigate associations between bone stiffness and lifestyle-related factors, such as sunlight exposure, intake of milk or small fish, regular exercise, cigarette smoking, consumption of alcohol, and number of remaining teeth.ResultsBone stiffness showed a significant negative association with cigarette smoking [standardized coefficient (SC) = −0.297, F-value (F) = 10.059] and age (SC = −0.207, F = 7.565) in diabetic patients. Bone stiffness showed a significant negative association with age (SC = −0.371, F = 12.076) and height (SC = −0.193, F = 7.898), as well as a significant positive association with sunlight exposure (SC = 0.182, F = 9.589) and intake of small fish (SC = 0.170, F = 7.393) in controls.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that cigarette smoking and age are negatively associated with bone stiffness in Okinawan male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Exercise improves bone formation by upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice

“…In a related study, findings were made that the effect of direct forces on bone formation was significantly better than indirect forces [ 2 ]. Although there are many existing studies based on the improvement of bone metabolism in T2DM by exercise, and several studies have focused on bone phenotypic indicators such as BMD and bone biomechanics [ 5 , 19 ], no related studies on the effects of different exercises on the expression of Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway-related molecules and bone formation in T2DM mice have been conducted.…”

Exercise Improves Bone Formation by Upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin Signalling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

“…A related study found that the effect of direct forces on bone formation is signi cantly better than indirect forces (Akpinar et al, 2019). Although there are many studies on the improvement of bone metabolism in T2DM by exercise, and some studies have focused on bone phenotypic indicators such as BMD and bone biomechanics (Gushiken et al, 2015;Bello et al, 2014), related studies on the effects of different exercises on the expression of Wnt3a/βcatenin signalling pathway-related molecules and bone formation in T2DM mice have not been reported.…”