Exercise improves bone formation by upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice

Abstract

Background The bone formation ability of type 2 diabetes is inhibited, and exercise can effectively improve the bone formation of T2DM. However, whether exercise can mediate the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway to improve the mechanism of bone formation and metabolism still needs further research. Methods A T2DM mouse model was established by a high-fat diet and STZ injection, and the mice were trained with swimming and downhill running exercise. Alizarin red staining is used to observe the changes of the left femoral trabecular bone; micro-CT is used to analyze the trabecular and cortical BMD, BV/TV, BS/BV, BS/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp; the ALP staining of skull was used to observe the changes in ALP activity of bone tissues at the skull herringbone sutures; ALP staining was performed to observe the changes in the number of OBs and ALP activity produced by differentiation; Quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression; Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels. Results When the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice was inhibited, the bone formation ability of the mice was significantly reduced, resulting in the degradation of the bone tissue morphology and structure. Swimming caused the significant increase in body weight and Runx2 mRNA expression, while downhill running could significantly decrease the body weight of the mice, while the tibia length, wet weight, and the trabecular morphological structure of the distal femur and the indexes of bone histomorphology were significantly improved by activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Bone formation is inhibited in T2DM mice, leading to osteoporosis. Downhill running activates the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice, promotes OB differentiation and osteogenic capacity, enhances bone formation metabolism, and improves the bone morphological structure.

The effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse femoral bone achieved by anti-osteoporosis exercise interventions

“…However, in this study, swim training significantly increased the expression of ALP in the T2DM+S group. Swimming also caused a significant increase in BW and in RUNX2 mRNA expression, while the trabecular morphological structure of the distal femur and the indexes of bone histomorphology were not significantly improved in T2DM mice (30). Swim training significantly increased the RANKL/OPG ratio compared to the diabetic group (53,54).…”

“…AE involves running on the platform at a speed of 15 m/min without incline, which is a moderate-/low-intensity treadmill exercise (29). In the T2DM+S group, the mice were placed in a 42-cm-long × 40-cm-wide × 36cm deep container (30), while mice in the T2DM+RE group climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with 30% weights attached to their tails. RE was performed three times per week, with three climbs per session and five dynamic movements per climb (26).…”

Preparation of synbiotic milk powder and its effect on calcium absorption and the bone microstructure in calcium deficient mice

“…The bone surface area to tissue volume ratio (BS/ TV), also known as bone surface area density, can indirectly reflect the bone volume present. 61 Fig. 8D shows that the SMP has excellent calcium supplementation ability and can replenish the calcium level in an organism using milk powder as the source.…”

The role and regulation mechanism of Chinese traditional fitness exercises on the bone and cartilage tissue in patients with osteoporosis: A narrative review

“…Downhill running can promote osteoblast differentiation and osteogenic abilities to enhance bone formation and metabolism. It improves the bone morphology and structure by activating the suppressed Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of type 2 diabetic mice (Chen et al, 2021). In addition, the LRP family proteins and Wnt/β-catenin pathway are regulated by exercise, which improves bone remodeling, bone mass recovery, and bone stiffness in rats with disuse osteoporosis (Chen et al, 2016;Jia et al, 2019).…”