Heavy metals in food crops, soil, and water in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu Region and their potential health risks when ingested

Lian, Chen; Zhou, Shenglü; Shi, Yaxing; Wang, Chunhui; Li, Baojie; Li, Yan; Wu, Shishan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.230

Cited by 250 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…HI = HQ ingestion + HQ inhale + HQ dermal (5) where [45][46][47]. The potential carcinogenic risk was characterized by risk index (CR), and the calculation formula is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Health Risk Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where CR x is the single cancer-causing risk index of carcinogenic elemental cadmium under the x-exposure pathway (CR ingestion , CR inhale , and CR dermal ); SF x is the slope factor of carcinogenic elemental Cd in the x-exposure pathways (SF ingestion , SF inhale ), kg•d −1 •mg −1 ; and TCR is the total carcinogenic risk index of elemental Cd through three exposure pathways. When CR < 10 −6 , it represents no cancer risk; 10 −6 < CR < 10 −4 , human body tolerable cancer risk; CR > 10 −4 , human body cannot tolerate the risk of cancer [45][46][47]. The values and significance of the parameters are shown in Table S1.…”

Section: Health Risk Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential and harmful element to humans. Cadmium contamination is a serious issue for human health, especially in densely populated agroecology areas. In this study, the investigation of an agroecology area was conducted to gain insight into the relationship between Cd in wheat and soil and then evaluate the Cd total risk for human health. The soil samples and their matching wheat samples, underground water samples, and atmospheric deposition (air) samples were collected from a wheat-growing area in an agroecology plain. The cadmium concentration in the four types of media, in order, was air > soil > wheat > water. The mean concentration of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that the total Cd in soil (Cd-T) and Cdair reached a mild and moderate pollution level. The results of the correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the majority of Cdwheat originated from Cd-2 (exchangeable), Cd-4 (humic acid-bound), and Cd-7 (residual). Furthermore, the results of the stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) showed that three fractions were primarily controlled by Cd-T: clay, cation exchange capacity (CeC), and total organic carbon (TOC). In addition, the total cancer risk (CR) of Cd in multiple media was, in the order wheat > water > soil > air. It is noteworthy that the Cd content in underground water and wheat by the ingestion pathway posed cancer risks to the local residents and provided a comprehensive insight into multiple media environment management. Furthermore, it provides a very significant basic study for detailed research into the mobility and transformation for factions.

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“…HI = HQ ingestion + HQ inhale + HQ dermal (5) where [45][46][47]. The potential carcinogenic risk was characterized by risk index (CR), and the calculation formula is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Health Risk Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Risk Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Zhang et al noticed that PSB together with lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis promoted the spinach biomass under mild Cd pollution (1 mg Cd kg −1 soil) . In fact, Cd concentration is much higher (200 mg Cd kg −1 soil) in various soils, especially near leather and electroplating factories . Rice is the main grain crop in Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviating the Cadmium Toxicity and Growth‐Promotion in Paddy Rice by Photosynthetic Bacteria

Xiao

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2019

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice and its subsequent transfer to food chain has become a major environmental issue worldwide. Low growth in plants and high toxicity toward the living organism are major drawbacks associated with Cd contamination. Effective immobilization and reducing Cd uptake by rice grains can be promising strategies to minimize its toxicity. Here, the authors report an effective method for Cd immobilization by inoculating photosynthetic bacteria known as Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RP) in the soils, which is verified through pot and field experiments. The pot experiment indicated that high Cd contamination in control soils inhibited plant growth and decreased the biomass massively in paddy rice. Bacterial immobilization of Cd not only inhibited its uptake by plants but also increased fresh weight of rice seedlings under low Cd concentration (40 mg kg À1 soil). However, under high Cd concentration (80 mg kg À1 ), Bacillus subtilis enhanced the activity of RP for reducing the Cd uptake and subsequent accumulation in rice grains (from 0.65 to 0.19 mg Cd kg À1 ) to below the standard limits (0.2 mg kg À1 ). Field experiments showed that Cd prefers to accumulate in the root region, and the transmission process through roots, stems, and leaves are restricted for ultimately decreasing the Cd accumulation in rice grains. In natural soil with low Cd contamination, the rice grains can be safely edible. These findings will assist to minimize the Cd toxicity in human health and to address the food safety challenges of modern world.

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“…Heavy metals are considered to be the most hazardous form of pollutants when consumed in a considerable amount through contaminated foods and received much attention in recent years because of their nonbiodegradability, elevated toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation [1][2]. In the recent years, human exposure to heavy metals has been increased enormously which can be engendered by the continuous use of hazardous metals as starting materials in different industrial processes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Heavy Metals, Essential Trace Elements and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Leaves and Stems from <i>Moringa oleifera</i>

Mahmud¹,

Islam²,

Al-Fuad³

et al. 2019

IJFSB

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This study was conducted to estimate the concentrations of 8 trace elements including (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Ar, Cr, and Pb) and 4 anti-nutritional factors including (saponins, oxalates, phytate, and cyanogenic glycosides) in leaves and stems from Moringa oleifera. The concentrations in samples analyzed were found to be in the range of 0.88-1.88 mg/kg for Mn, 11.95-25.25 mg/kg for Fe, 0.35-1.22 mg/kg for Cu, 6.92-17.96 mg/kg for Zn, 0.03-0.07 mg/kg for Ni, 0.955-1.45 mg/kg for Cr and 0.564-0.85 mg/kg for Pb. However, Arsenic was not detected in all the samples analyzed. As for the anti-nutritional factors, the concentrations in samples analyzed were found to be in the range of 111.35-123.42 mg/kg for saponins, 69.5-509.4 mg/kg for oxalates, and 0.38-0.156 mg/kg for phytate and 316.95-325.27 mg/kg for cyanogenic glycosides. The values of all these elements were found significantly below the recommended maximum tolerable guidelines level proposed by WHO/FAO except for lead (Pb), Pb was found slightly higher than the recommended limit as described. Our findings of this study reveal that most of the trace elements found in M. oleifera are below the recommended maximum tolerable limits; therefore it is safe for both human and animal consumption as well.

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Heavy metals in food crops, soil, and water in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu Region and their potential health risks when ingested

Cited by 250 publications

References 32 publications

Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China

Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China

Alleviating the Cadmium Toxicity and Growth‐Promotion in Paddy Rice by Photosynthetic Bacteria

Estimation of Heavy Metals, Essential Trace Elements and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Leaves and Stems from <i>Moringa oleifera</i>

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Heavy metals in food crops, soil, and water in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu Region and their potential health risks when ingested

Cited by 250 publications

References 32 publications

Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China

Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China

Alleviating the Cadmium Toxicity and Growth‐Promotion in Paddy Rice by Photosynthetic Bacteria

Estimation of Heavy Metals, Essential Trace Elements and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Leaves and Stems from &lt;i&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/i&gt;

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Estimation of Heavy Metals, Essential Trace Elements and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Leaves and Stems from <i>Moringa oleifera</i>