Heavy metals biomonitoring via inhibitive assay of acetylcholinesterase from Periophthalmodon schlosseri

Abstract

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) generally known to be sensitive toward insecticides but its sensitivity toward heavy metals was least reported. Herein, a sensitive assay for heavy metals has been pursued using AChE in a rapid and economic manner. The AChE from a mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri has been found to be sensitive toward copper [ mercury [ chromium [ and arsenic ions at the sub parts per million levels. Field trial works showed that the assay was applicable in detecting heavy metals pollution from effluents of industrial sites at near real time and verified using ICP-OES and Flow Injection Mercury System (FIMS 400). Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analyses of inhibition profiles were performed, revealing a comparable capability of the AChE compared to the gold standard of Microtox™ method.

Purification of acethylcholinesterase from the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. and investigation of its kinetic properties

“…The highest AChE activity was seen in the third peak, eluted with 10 mM potasium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 20 mM edrophonium chloride and 0.5 M NaCl. This result was in agreement with the reported purification procedure of other AChE's studied so far [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Many research has been done on the purification of this enzyme from the brain of human [3][4], Japanese quail [5], fishs like Oreochromis aurea [6], Pangasius pangasius [7], electric eel [8][9] and Periophthalmodon schlosseri [10], fetal bovine serum [11], sheep liver [12], mouse [13][14] the head and appendage of Pardosa astrigera L. Koch [15], cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover [16], nematodes [17][18], earthworm [19], cotton bollworm [20] and western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgiferavirgifera [21].…”

“…This enzyme has been purified from several sources using conventional chromatographic procedures like DEAE cellulose [6-11-18] ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-100 [6] and G-200 [16] gel filtration. Inhibitor ligand affinity chromatography is a powerful technique for the purification of AChE, because of the potent and selective action of the inhibitors such as tacrin [9][10][11][12], procainamid [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], edrophonium [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]22], m-trimetilaminofenilamin [13] and 9-[N-beta-(epsilon-aminocaproil)-beta-aminopropilamino]-akridinium bromid [17]. Sepharose gels served as the affinity matrix and afforded highly purified enzyme preparations.…”

Characterisation of Cholinesterase Activity From Asian Swamp Eel; Monopterus Albus, and Testing Its Capabilities as a Biosensor on Metal Ion Contamination / Pencirian Aktiviti Kolinesteres Dari Otot Belut Sawah; Monopterus Albus, Dan Pengujian Keupayaannya Sebagai Biopenanda Terhadap Pencemaran Ion Logam

“…Tambahan, kerisauan pembentukan metabolit sekunder yang kemungkinan bersifat toksik, serta proses remediasi memerlukan jangka masa yang panjang. Sememangnya kaedah rawatan tersebut menggunakan teknologi berprestasi tinggi serta pengendaliannya masih memerlukan tenaga kerja yang mahir dan berkepakaran tinggi [6].…”

“…Logam -logam berat ini dipilih kerana keperluannya yang sangat kerap dalam pelbagai industri seperti pembuatan komponen elektrik dan elektronik, automatif, kimpalan dan lain-lain, manakala di sektor pertanian ianya menjadi unsur surih untuk baja tanaman mahupun racun perosak. Tambahan, kewujudan ion logam ini di dalam sungai walaupun berkepekatan yang rendah, ianya mampu memberikan impak yang negatif kepada organisma yang terdedah di mana kesan buruknya berlaku dari peringkat biomolekular, sellular hingga fisiologikal [6].…”