Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation and Risk Estimation in Edible Freshwater Fish From Pedroso Reservoir (Mayabeque, Cuba)

Abstract

This work is a validation of the second step of a heavy metal monitoring procedure in Cuba fluvial ecosystems. Concentrations of seven heavy metals were measured by ICP-MS in water samples collected from the Pedroso reservoir (Mayabeque province, Cuba) and its main tributaries, as well as in edible muscle of three locally consumed fish species: Oreochromis spp., Tinca tinca and Clarias gariepinus. The results show a high concentration of Pb in areas near a paint factory (85.5 μg/L), an asphalt factory and a high traffic area (345.8 μg/L). Metal content (in mg/kg ww) in fish fillet ranged as follows: Cr (0.01-0.58), Co (0.01-0.58), Cu (0.23-88.16), Zn (4.9-29.9), As (0.01-0.86), Cd (0.02-2.93) and Pb (0.01-1.23). According to Cuban regulations, concentrations of Cd in muscle are not safe in 37.5 to 44.0 % of the studied fishes, while Pb is high in 14.0 to 20.0 %. Non-carcinogenic risk (HI) is present when daily intake is above 81 g/day. Carcinogenic risk (ELCR) is calculated to be 5.8 × 10–4 according to the US-EPA methodology. Fishermen families are the most sensitive population sector. Local authorities were informed and different measures were taken to avoid polluted fish consumption and the reduction of pollutant sources.

Multi-Year Monitoring of the Toxicological Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Fish Consumption by the Population of the Kendari Region (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)

“…There are multiple sources of nickel contamination in the coastal environment, both anthropogenic and natural. According to the Priority List of Hazardous Substances established by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ 58 ], the order of heavy metals in descending order of threat to human health is: As > Pb > Cd > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn [ 59 ]. Anthropogenic sources include pyrometallurgy and the burning of fossil fuels [ 60 ].…”