Heavy metal stabilization of industrial solid wastes using low-grade magnesia, Portland and magnesia cements

Pantazopoulou, E.; Ntinoudi, E.; Zouboulis, Anastasios; Mitrakas, M.; Yiannoulakis, H.; Zampetakis, Th.

doi:10.1007/s10163-020-00985-9

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some inputs of management practices to improve the soil conditions of the reclamation site, include: (i) The acidic soil needs to be overcome by making proper drainage on sites, and adding alkaline materials such as calcite (CaCO3), burnt lime (CaO), slaked lime [Ca (OH)2], dolomite [CaMg (CO3)2], and slag [CaSiO3], with various ability to neutralize the acidity; although it supposed to be done at the initial stage of reclamation (Pozo-Antonio et al 2014). Low-grade of magnesia (MgO) may be an economically feasible alternative to lower the acidic soil also to stabilize the heavy metals from heavily contaminated soils (Pantazopoulou et al 2020). (ii) The poor soils can be improved through the addition of organic amendments such as animal manures; crop residues (spoiled hay, straw, etc.…”

Section: Inputs Management For Effective Reclamation Of Postcoal Miningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress

Hapsari¹,

Trimanto²,

Budiharta³

2020

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Hapsari L, Trimanto, Budiharta S. 2020. Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress. Biodiversitas 21: 2003-2017. Comparative vegetation analyses subjected to recolonization of spontaneous plants were carried out in two post-coal mining reclamation sites, with different ages of reclamation, specifically 9 years old and 17 years old, in Bontang, East Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the spontaneous plant diversity and composition, identify the spontaneous alien plant species invasion (IAS), analyze the underlying micro-climates and soil factors and their association to the spontaneous plant recolonization, also to evaluate the succession progress. Results showed that both reclamation sites have undergone some vegetation and environmental improvements. The plant succession stage of both sites was identified at the same stage, as establishment phase of early-succession stage in transition to mid-succession stage. The spontaneous plants were comprised of two layers, i.e. (i) understories include grasses, ferns, lianas, herbs, shrubs and tree seedlings; and (ii) saplings include some of trees and small trees. Plant diversity indices on both sites were in moderate category. At understory layer, the 9-y.o. site was mostly dominated by grass Polytrias indica, whereas the 17-y.o. site was dominated by shrub Asystasia gangetica. At sapling layer, the 9-y.o. site was mostly dominated by Glochidion obscurum, whereas the 17-y.o. site was dominated by Macaranga tanarius. Dominant pioneer tree and shrub species in two reclamation sites mostly from general species component of secondary tropical forests from the families Euphorbiaceae, Phyllantaceae, Melastomaceae, Leguminosae, and Lamiaceae. It was recorded seven IAS in the 9-y.o. site, which six out of seven species were dominant. Meanwhile, in the 17-y.o. site was recorded eight IAS but only four species were dominant. Two dominant noxious weed species were also identified. Each IAS and noxious weed species has invasiveness traits that make them well-grown, successfully recolonized and invaded the reclamation site. Environmental factors include air temperature, air moisture, and light intensity; and soil conditions include pH, C/N ratio and physicochemical properties affected the variation of spontaneous plant establishment on each reclamation site. These comparative study findings may become inputs for coal mining operations management to evaluate and improve their reclamation program; such as by soil reconditions, controlling the populations of IAS, and planting more intensively of native tree species.

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Section: Inputs Management For Effective Reclamation Of Postcoal Miningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress

Hapsari¹,

Trimanto²,

Budiharta³

2020

Biodiversitas

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“…However, a common tendency to delay the nucleation onset of M-S-H has been observed in presence of secondary metal cations. Recent studies which investigated the solid stabilization of Pb using magnesium oxychloride cement and magnesium phosphate cement proposed that in general, metals are immobilized as precipitated amorphous metal hydroxides in those Mg-based cementitious materials [31]. In the obtained precipitates, amorphous metal hydroxides could certainly be present in the form of nanoparticles distributed homogeneously through the M-S-H matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last years, it has caught the attention of researchers as a potential environmentally friendly alternative to ordinary PC [24][25][26][27][28]. In addition to its potential use as a low carbon cement, the suitability of M-S-H for the encapsulation of amphoteric species of waste have also been in focus of various investigations [20,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of (Aqueous) Cations in Low pH M-S-H Cement

et al. 2021

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Incorporation of heavy metal ions in cement hydrates is of great interest for the storage and immobilization of toxic, hazardous, and radioactive wastes using cementitious matrix. Magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) is a low pH alternative cementitious binder to commonly used Portland cement. Low pH cements have been considered as promising matrix for municipal and nuclear waste immobilization in the last decades. It is however crucial to assure that the incorporation of secondary ions is not detrimental for the formation of the hydration products. Herein, we investigate the early stages of formation of M-S-H from electrolyte solutions in presence of a wide range of metal cations (LiI, BaII, CsI, CrIII, FeIII, CoII, NiII, CuI, ZnII, PbII, AlIII). The final solid products obtained after 24 h have been characterized via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), elemental analysis via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). In all the experiments, the main precipitated phase after 24 h was confirmed to be M-S-H with a ratio (total metal/Si) close to one. The obtained M-S-H products showed strong immobilization capacity for the secondary metal cations and can incorporate up to 30% of the total metal content at the early stages of M-S-H formation without significantly delaying the nucleation of the M-S-H. It has been observed that presence of Cr, Co, and Fe in the solution is prolonging the growth period of M-S-H. This is related to a higher average secondary metal/total metal ratio in the precipitated material. Secondary phases that co-precipitate in some of the experiments (Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn) were also effectively trapped within in the M-S-H matrix. Barium was the only element in which the formation of a secondary carbonate phase isolated from the M-S-H precipitates was detected.

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“…Stabilization/solidification (S/S) is considered to be most appropriate method for immobilization of heavy metal-contaminated soils due to its ease and workability among the available effective remediation methods [13][14][15][16]. Besides, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recognizes S/S as the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for treating hazardous metals [7,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

et al. 2020

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Due to increased carbon emissions, the use of low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materials that are sustainable and effective are gaining considerable attention recently for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of contaminated soils. The current study presents the laboratory investigation of low-carbon/cost cementitious material known as limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) for the potential S/S of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils. The S/S performance of the LC3 binder on Zn- and Pb-contaminated soil was determined via pH, compressive strength, toxicity leaching, chemical speciation, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses. The results indicate that immobilization efficiency of Zn and Pb was solely dependent on the pH of the soil. In fact, with the increase in the pH values after 14 days, the compressive strength was increased to 2.5–3 times compared to untreated soil. The S/S efficiency was approximately 88% and 99%, with increase in the residual phases up to 67% and 58% for Zn and Pb, respectively, after 28 days of curing. The increase in the immobilization efficiency and strength was supported by the XRPD analysis in forming insoluble metals hydroxides such as zincwoodwardite, shannonite, portlandite, haturite, anorthite, ettringite (Aft), and calcite. Therefore, LC3 was shown to offer green and sustainable remediation of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils, while the treated soil can also be used as safe and environmentally friendly construction material.

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Heavy metal stabilization of industrial solid wastes using low-grade magnesia, Portland and magnesia cements

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress

Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress

Immobilization of (Aqueous) Cations in Low pH M-S-H Cement

Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

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