Heavy metal pollution levels, source apportionment and risk assessment in dust storms in key cities in Northwest China

Luo, Haiping; Wang, Qingzheng; Guan, Qingyu; Ma, Yuxin; Ni, Fei; Yang, Enqi; Zhang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126878

Cited by 157 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…We had found that the total HQ value of Pb in this study were generally greater than 1.0 (Table S5), which suggested that the preschool children have been exposed to the potential non-carcinogenic risk from Pb. In addition, the contribution of oral ingestion pathway was the largest, similar results were found in dust storms in northwest China and the lead-zinc mines in China (Kan et al 2021, Luo et al 2022. We also had found that top contributors of Pb exposure by oral ingestion pathway were vegetables, wheat and HQ value of vegetables exceeded 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Health risk assessment of lead on preschool children in a typical heavy metal polluted area

et al. 2022

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Mining activities exert a far-reaching impact on environmental quality, and health problems caused by lead (Pb) pollution have always attracted global attention. In this study, exposure pathways through various media in Baiyin city ( a typical heavy metal polluted area) and health risks of local preschool children to Pb were investigated. Results showed that Pb concentrations of Spinach, Tomato, Cushaw, Lettuce, Broad bean, Pea, Eggplant and Radish exceeded the standards (GB 2762 − 2017), and 42.86% of soil samples exceeded screening values (GB 15618 − 2018). The non-carcinogenic risk was as high as 3.78, and oral ingestion was the main exposure pathway which accounted for 94.60% of non-carcinogenic risk. Moreover, vegetables and wheat were the major contributors in oral ingestion pathway, and the younger preschoolers were, the more susceptible they were to Pb exposure. Furthermore, the carcinogenic risk of local preschoolers was 6.02E-06, which was acceptable. Monte Carlo simulation showed that concentration of medium was the most sensitive parameter on the health risk assessment results. In conclusion, Pb pollution in this area put preschoolers at a non-carcinogenic risk from eating vegetables and wheat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Baiyin city is an important non-ferrous metal base in China, known as "Copper City" (Luo et al 2022). For more than half a century, the development of mining and smelting activities has seriously damaged the local ecological environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of lead on preschool children in a typical heavy metal polluted area

et al. 2022

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“…To differentiate between anthropogenic and natural sources of metals in PM 2.5 , an enrichment factor (EF) was calculated. Al, Zr, Fe, Sc and Ti are generally used as reference metals for evaluation of EF Luo et al 2022). In this study, Fe is used as reference metal because it is ubiquitous in the environment.…”

Section: Data Analysis Enrichment Factors (Efs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Seasonal Variations, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in the Urban Site of Agra, India

Sah¹

2022

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The present study evaluated the concentration, seasonal variations, source identification and health risk through inhalation of heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Si and Pb) in fine particulate matter. Samples of PM2.5 were collected from an urban site in Agra (27°10′N, 78°05′E), India during January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 48 samples of PM2.5 were collected using Fine Particulate Sampler (Envirotech APM 550) set at a flow of 16.6 L min− 1 on 47 mm quartz fiber filters (Pallflex, Tissuquartz) for 24 h. Heavy metals were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acid digestion. The average PM2.5 mass concentration was 107 ± 57.85 µg m− 3 which has been compared with NAAQS and WHO limit was found to be higher. Seasonal variation of PM2.5 showed: winter > post-monsoon > summer > monsoon. The average concentration of heavy metals lied within the range of 4.92 to 505.38 ng m− 3. Among heavy metals, the high concentration belonged to Si (505.38 ng m− 3) and Fe (281.23 ng m− 3). The highest metal concentration occurred in the winter season followed by post-monsoon, summer and monsoon seasons. The enrichment factor was used to estimate the main sources of the metals in PM2.5. Two factors were identified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) at the urban site including resuspended road dust, vehicular activities, solid waste incineration, industrial emission and construction activities. To assess the health risks through inhalation exposure pathway hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) were estimated. The carcinogenic risks of Pb (for both children and adults) Cd (for children) were lower than the precautionary criterion (1×10− 6), while Cd for children and As, Cr and Ni for both children and adults were higher than 1×10− 6. The non-carcinogenic risks of As, Cd, Cr, Mn and V for both children and adults were lower than the safe level of 1, whereas Ni for both children and adults were higher than the safe level of 1. The HI values of all heavy metals for both children and adults were higher than the safe level of 1 indicating a non-carcinogenic adverse health effect. The results of the present study impart information for the behaviour and risk mitigation of heavy metals.

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“…The potential ecological risk (PER) model comprehensively considers the toxicity level of PTEs, the environmental background value and the synergy of each PTEs, and uses the toxicity response coefficient and the corresponding background value to comprehensively evaluate the ecological risk of PTEs. This method is widely used to evaluate the PER caused by PTEs in soil and dust [13][14][15] . The human health risk (HHR) assessment model proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used to evaluate the health risks of adults and children 16 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Ecological risk and health risk analysis of soil potentially toxic elements from oil production plants in central China

Gan

Xie

Yang

2022

Sci Rep

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In this study, the enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the pollution of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in the soil near the oil production plants in central China, and the potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) assessment model were used to evaluate the PER and HHR caused by the soil PTEs in the study area. The mean EFs of all PTEs were greater than 1, PTEs have accumulated to varying degrees, especially Cr, Ni and Pb were the most serious. The average value of PLI was 2.62, indicating that the soil PTEs were seriously polluted. The average $${E}_{r}^{i}$$ E r i values of PTEs were Cr > Pb > Cd > Ni > As > Cu > Zn > Mn, of which Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni were at medium and above PER levels. Both adults and children in the study area suffered from varying degrees of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The total hazard index (THI) values of children (7.31) and adults (1.03) were all > 1, and the total carcinogenic risk index (TCRI) of children (9.44E−04) and adults (5.75E−04) were also > 10–4. In particular, the hazardous quotient (HQ) of Cr and Pb for children under the oral intake route were 4.91 and 1.17, respectively, caused serious non-carcinogenic risk. And the carcinogenic risk index (CRI) values of the PTEs in adults and children under the three exposure routes were Cr > Ni > > As > Pb > > Cd. Among them, the CRI values of Cr and Ni in children and adults by oral intake were both greater than 10–4, showing a strong carcinogenic risk. The results will provide scientific basis for environmental protection and population health protection in this area.

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Heavy metal pollution levels, source apportionment and risk assessment in dust storms in key cities in Northwest China

Cited by 157 publications

References 116 publications

Health risk assessment of lead on preschool children in a typical heavy metal polluted area

Health risk assessment of lead on preschool children in a typical heavy metal polluted area

Characterization, Seasonal Variations, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in the Urban Site of Agra, India

Ecological risk and health risk analysis of soil potentially toxic elements from oil production plants in central China

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