Heavy metal contamination status of Japanese cranes (<i>Grus japonensis</i>) in east Hokkaido, Japan‐extensive mercury pollution

Kumagai, Yoshihiro; Iwai, Hisae; Haraguchi, Kensaku; Ohba, Tadashi; Nakai, Kunihiko; Satoh, Hiroshi; Sakamoto, Mineshi; Momose, Kunikazu; Masatomi, Hiroyuki; Hiraga, Takeo

doi:10.1897/05-623r.1

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…13, NIES, Tsukuba, Japan). All specimens, including blanks, samples for a standard calibration curve, and standard materials, were measured simultaneously [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Disorder of the Retina in Manganese-Deficient Japanese Quail Revealed by Electroretinography using a Contact Lens Electrode with Built-In Light Source

Endo

Itoh

Maehara

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Manganese deficiency results in neurological and skeletal defects, together with ultrastructural disarrangement of the retina in rats. Wild birds show a range of Mn concentrations in their tissues, including the liver, raising the possibility of Mn-related disorders in the wild. Electroretinography (ERG) provides a useful noninvasive approach to evaluate visual function. This method is especially useful in birds, as objective analysis of them is very difficult, while they have well-developed vision. In this study, we carried out a convenient and reliable ERG recording using a contact lens electrode with a built-in light source (LED electrode) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed a Mn-deficient diet. After 10 min light adaptation, single-flash and flicker cone responses were reproducibly recorded to cause an intensity-dependent increase in amplitude of both a-wave and b-wave in single-flash ERG. Mn-deficient feeding markedly decreased the Mn concentration in the liver by almost half in 3 to 6 weeks, followed by body weight loss in 13 to 15 weeks. Implicit time of a-wave and b-wave cone response by single-flash stimulation was significantly delayed in quail with a Mn depletion from 3 to 6 weeks. Every cone response of the Mn-deprived quail had a tendency to decrease amplitude. The ultrastructure of cone photoreceptor cells was disorganized by Mn deficiency, including changes in outer segment discs of photoreceptor cells. These results suggest the essential role of Mn in the integrity of the retinal function of birds. KEY WORDS: cone response, contact lens electrode, electroretinography, Japanese quail, manganese.

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“…13, NIES, Tsukuba, Japan). All specimens, including blanks, samples for a standard calibration curve, and standard materials, were measured simultaneously [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Disorder of the Retina in Manganese-Deficient Japanese Quail Revealed by Electroretinography using a Contact Lens Electrode with Built-In Light Source

Endo

Itoh

Maehara

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Sodium, calcium, and magnesium, contained in chemical deicers commonly used on the roads in Hokkaido, were determined in the collected tissues using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAnalyst 800, PerkinElmer, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA) as described (Teraoka et al 2007). Briefly, approximately 200 mg dried tissue samples were digested in 5 mL nitric acid and 0.5 mL H 2 O 2 by heating at 150-200 C in an electronic heater.…”

Section: Determination Of Elements In Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MASS MORTALITY OF EURASIAN TREE SPARROWS (PASSER MONTANUS) FROMSALMONELLATYPHIMURIUM DT40 IN JAPAN, WINTER 2008–09

Fukui

Takahashi²,

Kubo³

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:An outbreak of salmonellosis in wild passerines caused mass mortality of Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) in Hokkaido, Japan, 2005-06; however, the etiology was poorly understood. In winter 2008-09, sparrow mortality again occurred in Hokkaido, and 202 deaths in 100 incidents at 94 sites were reported. We conducted a comprehensive investigation to evaluate the cause and impact on sparrow populations. We collected 26 carcasses at 13 sites, including a zoological park. In addition, Salmonella screening of zoo animals was conducted as a biosecurity measure. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from multiple organs in all examined sparrows; they were diagnosed with septicemic salmonellosis. Eleven sites (85%) were related to wild bird feeding and six of eight sparrow fecal samples, including from the zoo, were S. Typhimuriumpositive. No infection was detected in zoo animals. Isolates belonged to three phage types: DT40 (88%), DT110 (8%), and DT120 (4%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were the same in all isolates, regardless of phage type. Biochemical characteristics and antibiotic-resistance profiles of DT40 were similar in all isolates, indicating a single origin. The mortality was likely associated with that in 2005-06 because the isolates had the same profiles. Tissue levels of sodium, calcium, and magnesium (the main components of chemical deicer suspected to be the major cause of poisoning deaths in 2005-06 mortality) were not higher in the affected sparrows. We conclude that an emerging epidemic infection with S. Typhimurium DT40 related to bird feeding was the cause of sparrow mortality in 2008-09 and suggest that this causative strain is host-adapted to sparrows in Japan. The mortality might have had some impact on the local population, but its influence was limited.

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“…In our previous study, possible steady decline in Hg levels could be recognized based on average values since 2000, although some cranes still showed very high mercury contamination thereafter (Teraoka et al 2007). Conversely, no frozen specimens of Red-crowned cranes in Hokkaido collected before 1988 was available for our study.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Previously, we reported that mercury levels of the internal organs of Red-crowned cranes, which were dead in eastern Hokkaido in the 1990s and early 2000s, were extremely high (Teraoka et al 2007). Twenty-one adult cranes showed 30 lg/g (dry wt) or higher levels of mercury (total mercury), and 6 cranes had levels exceeding 100 lg/g (dry wt) in livers or kidneys, while cadmium concentrations were generally lower.…”

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confidence: 96%

Changes of Mercury Contamination in Red-Crowned Cranes, Grus japonensis, in East Hokkaido, Japan

Tagami

Kudo

Miura

et al. 2011

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) are native to eastern Hokkaido (island population), in contrast to the mainland, which migrates between the Amur River basin and eastern China-Korea peninsula. During the 1990s we found that Red-crowned cranes in Hokkaido were highly contaminated with mercury: however, the source was unknown. We investigated the time trend of mercury contamination in Red-crowned cranes. Total mercury levels in the livers and kidneys from cranes dead in the 2000s were lower than those dead in the 1990s. Feather is a major pathway of mercury excretion for many bird species and is used as an indicator of blood mercury level during feather growth. As internal organs from the specimens collected before 1988 were not available, we analyzed the flight feather shavings from stuffed Red-crowned cranes dead in 1959-1987 and found that the mercury level of feathers from cranes dead in the 1960s and 1970s was not more than those from the cranes dead in the 2000s. These results suggest that mercury contamination in Red-crowned cranes in Hokkaido decreased temporally during the 1990s-2000s. This indicates the possible occurrence of some mercury pollution in Red-crowned cranes' habitat in this region in the 1990s or before.

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Heavy metal contamination status of Japanese cranes (Grus japonensis) in east Hokkaido, Japan‐extensive mercury pollution

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Functional Disorder of the Retina in Manganese-Deficient Japanese Quail Revealed by Electroretinography using a Contact Lens Electrode with Built-In Light Source

Functional Disorder of the Retina in Manganese-Deficient Japanese Quail Revealed by Electroretinography using a Contact Lens Electrode with Built-In Light Source

MASS MORTALITY OF EURASIAN TREE SPARROWS (PASSER MONTANUS) FROMSALMONELLATYPHIMURIUM DT40 IN JAPAN, WINTER 2008–09

Changes of Mercury Contamination in Red-Crowned Cranes, Grus japonensis, in East Hokkaido, Japan

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