Heavy metal contaminated soil, water, and vegetables in northeastern Iran: potential health risk factors

Moghaddam, Vahid Kazemi; Latifi, Parvaneh; Darrudi, Reza; Askari, Sahar; Mohammadi, Ali Akbar; Marufi, Nilufar; Javan, Safoura

doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00756-0

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The potential non-carcinogenic risks associated with lead exposure will be evaluated using the hazard quotient (HQ) approach, calculated as described earlier (Eq. 3 ) 39 – 41 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

Radfard,

Hashemi,

Baghapour

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Exposure to heavy metals in contaminated drinking water is strongly correlated with various cancers, highlighting the burden of disease. This study aimed to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in drinking water of Fars province and evaluate the attributed burden of disease. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment was performed using the hazard quotient (HQ) method, while the carcinogenic risk assessment utilized the excess lifetime cancer risk approach. The burden of disease was evaluated in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for three specific cancers: skin, lung, and kidney cancer. The average drinking water concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were determined to be 0.72, 0.4, 1.10 and 0.72 μg/L, respectively. The total average HQ of heavy metals in drinking water in the study area were 0.127, 0.0047, 0.0009 and 0.0069, respectively. The average ILCRs of heavy metal in the entire country were in the following order: 1.15 × 10−5 for As, 2.22 × 10−7 for Cd and 3.41 × 10−7 for Cr. The results also indicated that among the various counties analyzed, Fasa experiences the greatest burden of disease in terms of DALYs, with a value of 87.56, specifically attributed to cancers caused by exposure to arsenic. Generally, it can be said that the burden of disease is a critical aspect of public health that requires comprehensive understanding and effective intervention.

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“…The potential non-carcinogenic risks associated with lead exposure will be evaluated using the hazard quotient (HQ) approach, calculated as described earlier (Eq. 3 ) 39 – 41 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

Radfard,

Hashemi,

Baghapour

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Heavy metals can enter the human body through various pathways, including oral consumption, dermal contact, and inhalation 11 – 13 . These contaminants can be found in drinking water sources, such as surface water and groundwater 14 , 15 , vegetables, and air 16 . Metals in the environment can be attributed to industrial, agricultural, domestic, medical, and technological activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first step in this process is evaluating water quality and identifying pollutant sources to mitigate pollution levels. Effective methods for evaluating the environmental and human health risks associated with heavy metals include the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR), integrated with Monte Carlo simulation 2 – 4 , 9 , 16 – 20 . Furthermore, cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) are valuable tools for classifying the sources of heavy metals and understanding hydrochemical processes in surface water and groundwater 14 , 21 – 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach into human health risk assessment associated with heavy metals in surface water and groundwater using Monte Carlo Method

Eid,

Eissa,

Mohamed

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This study assessed the environmental and health risks associated with heavy metals in the water resources of Egypt's northwestern desert. The current approaches included the Spearman correlation matrix, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis to identify pollution sources and quality-controlling factors. Various indices (HPI, MI, HQ, HI, and CR) were applied to evaluate environmental and human health risks. Additionally, the Monte Carlo method was employed for probabilistic carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment via oral and dermal exposure routes in adults and children. Notably, all water resources exhibited high pollution risks with HPI and MI values exceeding permissible limits (HPI > 100 and MI > 6), respectively. Furthermore, HI oral values indicated significant non-carcinogenic risks to both adults and children, while dermal contact posed a high risk to 19.4% of samples for adults and 77.6% of samples for children (HI > 1). Most water samples exhibited CR values exceeding 1 × 10–4 for Cd, Cr, and Pb, suggesting vulnerability to carcinogenic effects in both age groups. Monte Carlo simulations reinforced these findings, indicating a significant carcinogenic impact on children and adults. Consequently, comprehensive water treatment measures are urgently needed to mitigate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks in Siwa Oasis.

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“…For example, the presence of Fe, cobalt, Zn, vanadium, Cr, Ni, As, and selenium is required for oxygen transport, cell metabolism, hydroxylation, enzyme activity, glucose utilization, cell growth, metabolic growth, hormone production, respectively [ 3 ]. Different foods can be contaminated with heavy metals, but sometimes the possibility of some foods (such as vegetables, rice, and bread) being contaminated with heavy metals is high, due to the use of chemical fertilizers, their irrigation with sewage, and the use of pesticides [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of foods contaminated with heavy metals and their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using GAM software (cohort study)

Neisi,

Farhadi,

Cheraghian

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Heavy metal contaminated soil, water, and vegetables in northeastern Iran: potential health risk factors

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran

New approach into human health risk assessment associated with heavy metals in surface water and groundwater using Monte Carlo Method

Consumption of foods contaminated with heavy metals and their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using GAM software (cohort study)

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