Heavy Metal Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility in Soil

Dean, John R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-439-5_2

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In the case of chemical analysis with partial extraction, this determination is regarded as being of greater interest for the study of the effect of trace elements on humans, by virtue of its coming closest to the bioavailable content in the sample. Specific bioaccessibility analysis was not undertaken in this study (Barsby et al 2012 ; Dean 2010 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and chromium topsoil levels and cancer mortality in Spain

Núñez

Fernández-Navarro

Martín-Méndez

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Spatio-temporal cancer mortality studies in Spain have revealed patterns for some tumours which display a distribution that is similar across the sexes and persists over time. Such characteristics would be common to tumours that shared risk factors, including the chemical soil composition. The objective of the present study is to assess the association between levels of chromium and arsenic in soil and the cancer mortality. This is an ecological cancer mortality study at municipal level, covering 861,440 cancer deaths in 7917 Spanish mainland towns from 1999 to 2008. Chromium and arsenic topsoil levels (partial extraction) were determined by ICP-MS at 13,317 sampling points. To estimate the effect of these concentrations on mortality, we fitted Besag, York and Mollié models, which included, as explanatory variables, each town’s chromium and arsenic soil levels, estimated by kriging. In addition, we also fitted geostatistical-spatial models including sample locations and town centroids (non-aligned data), using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE). All results were adjusted for socio-demographic variables and proximity to industrial emissions. The results showed a statistical association in men and women alike, between arsenic soil levels and mortality due to cancers of the stomach, pancreas, lung and brain and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). Among men, an association was observed with cancers of the prostate, buccal cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectal and kidney. Chromium topsoil levels were associated with mortality among women alone, in cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, breast and NHL. Our results suggest that chronic exposure arising from low levels of arsenic and chromium in topsoil could be a potential risk factor for developing cancer.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6806-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and chromium topsoil levels and cancer mortality in Spain

Núñez

Fernández-Navarro

Martín-Méndez

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The in-vitro GI extraction procedure consists of two sequential extraction stages (gastric and intestinal) designed to mimic human physiological conditions (i.e., body temperature, pH, agitation, and enzymatic reactions) of the stomach and the small intestinal (Dean 2010). In the first 'gastric' stage, 0.3 g of disaggregated soil sample (oven-dried at 105°C for 24 h) was treated with 30 ml of gastric solution (1.25 g pepsin, 0.50 g sodium malate, 0.50 g sodium citrate, 420 ll lactic acid, and 500 ll acetic acid made up to 1 l with deionized water, adjusted to pH 2.5 with conc.…”

Section: Oral Bioaccessibility or In-vitro Gastro-intestinal Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral bioaccessibility of metals in an urban catchment, Newcastle upon Tyne

Gbefa

Entwistle

Dean

2010

Environ Geochem Health

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The metal content was determined in soils from a former, historic, contaminated land site and now a 'green' public open space in N.E. England. Using a systematic sampling grid approach, 32 soil samples were taken from locations across the site and analyzed for six potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Initially, the pseudo-total metal content of the soils was determined using acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. This data was evaluated against published soil guideline value (SGV) and generic assessment criteria (GAC) values; it was found that 21% (i.e., 41 samples) exceeded the stated lower values. The data was then compared to the oral bioaccessibility of the soils, which was assessed by an in-vitro gastrointestinal extraction procedure. The results, determined as the % BAF, indicated that overall bioaccessibility was low (<10% BAF) for all the elements studied; the exception was Cd. Given that SGV/GAC values are based on generic land-use categories and not a public open space, as investigated in this work, further work is recommended on developing a qualitative risk assessment at the site to estimate the risks posed to human health via the direct and indirect soil ingestion pathway.

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“…Bioaccessible metal refers to the fraction of a metal that is released from its matrix in a simulated gastrointestinal system, which may become available for human absorption. 12 To measure metal bioaccessibility, various in vitro methods have been developed. Four common in vitro assays include physiologically-based extraction test (PBET), Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium (SBRC), in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG), and Unied Bioaccessibility Method (UBM), with SBRC method being the easiest to use and being most popular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioaccessible metal refers to the fraction of a metal that is released from its matrix in a simulated gastrointestinal system, which may become available for human absorption. 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%