Heavy metal and radon gas concentration levels in Khasa River in Kirkuk City (NE Iraq) and the associated health effects

Kareem, Dunya Omer; Ibrahiem, Omer Sabah

doi:10.1007/s12517-020-06037-8

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These were the significant reasons for the low 222 Rn level in this river water. Additionally, the result of this study is consistent with the previous research carried out in different regions of the world, such as in Karnataka, India (0.16-1.79 Bq/L) [38], Hemavathi River India (0.67 Bq/L) [39], Kirkuk, Iraq (0.359Bq/L) [40].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…As illustrated in Table 4, the 222 Rn concentration in the ten tap water samples collected from Dhaka city varied from 0.56 ± 0.30 to 3.06 ± 0.60 Bq/L with an average of 1.54 ± 0.38 Bq/L. Edu, Nigeria 19.14 ± 3.98 [37] Punjab, India 3.37 ± 0.29 [1] Rajouri, Pir Panjal 60 [36] Kirkuk, Iraq 0.359 [40] Hemavathi River, India 0.67 [39] Transylvania, Romania 0.9-4.5 [41] Karnataka, India 0.16-1.79 [38] Dhaka, Bangladesh 0.68 ± 0.…”

Section: Rn In Tap Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limited number of studies on distribution of NORMs in soils of Dhaka city and its surrounding areas and their radiological risks are available in the literature. Miah et al, 1998, studied on the distribution of radionuclides in soil samples in and around Dhaka city and found that the activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K varied as 21-43 Bq/kg, 9-22 Bq/kg, and 165-750 Bq/kg, respectively, and except 40 K, the values of 226 Ra and 232 Th are below the world average [62]. On the other hand, the average background radiation dose level in and around Dhaka City shows 2.00 ± 0.47 mSv/y over a period of ten years, from 2006 to 2015, and demonstrates that no appreciable shift was seen even after the Fukusima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster in Japan [63].…”

Section: Radiological Risks Based On Geology Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka

Alam

Siraz

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Radon (222Rn), an inert gas, is considered a silent killer due to its carcinogenic characteristics. Dhaka city is situated on the banks of the Buriganga River, which is regarded as the lifeline of Dhaka city because it serves as a significant source of the city’s water supply for domestic and industrial purposes. Thirty water samples (10 tap water from Dhaka city and 20 surface samples from the Buriganga River) were collected and analyzed using a RAD H2O accessory for 222Rn concentration. The average 222Rn concentration in tap and river water was 1.54 ± 0.38 Bq/L and 0.68 ± 0.29 Bq/L, respectively. All the values were found below the maximum contamination limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/L set by the USEPA, the WHO-recommended safe limit of 100 Bq/L, and the UNSCEAR suggested range of 4–40 Bq/L. The mean values of the total annual effective doses due to inhalation and ingestion were calculated to be 9.77 μSv/y and 4.29 μSv/y for tap water and river water, respectively. Although all these values were well below the permissible limit of 100 μSv/y proposed by WHO, they cannot be neglected because of the hazardous nature of 222Rn, especially considering their entry to the human body via inhalation and ingestion pathways. The obtained data may serve as a reference for future 222Rn-related works.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%