Assessment of heavy metal contamination in livestock drinking water of Upper Ganga Canal (Roorkee City, India)

Bahita, Tesfamariam Abreha; Swain, Sarat Chandra; Pandey, Pramod Kumar; Pandey, Ashish

doi:10.1007/s12517-021-08874-7

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…It can be observed that 95.72% of the variance is explained by PC1, whereas the percentage of variance explained by other PCs is much lower (Table S5). Typically, the PCs cumulatively explaining 90% of the total variance are considered as that would lead to a reduction of dimensionality with minimum loss of information (Bahita et al 2021b). In this case, the PC1 is able to capture almost the entire variance of the 13 parameters, thereby indicating a significant reduction in dimensionality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WQI method is very commonly used to assess the overall quality of water considering the concentrations of several parameters, which makes it easier for the water resource managers, especially for decision-making on water supply for specified purposes Bahita et al 2021aBahita et al , 2021bGaikwad et al 2020). The procedure to compute WQI is presented below.…”

Section: Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary objective of setting these limits is to ascertain no harmful effects to the user. Water pollution has become an alarming concern, mostly due to the ever-increasing anthropogenic interventions, as evident from several prior studies (Adimalla 2019(Adimalla , 2020Bahita et al 2021aBahita et al , 2021bJasrotia and Kumar 2014;Jasrotia et al 2018;Karunanidhi et al 2021aKarunanidhi et al , 2021bLi et al 2014Li et al , 2017Zhang et al 2019Zhang et al , 2021aZhang et al , 2021bZhang et al , 2021c. The water resources in numerous countries are in critical condition due to changes in their physicochemical nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

2022

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This study presents an assessment of groundwater quality over the two constituent districts (Faridabad and Gurgaon) of the National Capital Region (NCR), India, using geospatial and statistical approaches. These districts have been subjected to rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent years. The groundwater quality parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonate (CO32−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), fluoride (F−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), silica (SiO2), and total hardness (TH) are obtained for the year of 2017 from 28 sites over the study area. The suitability for human drinking purposes is assessed by comparing the concentration of parameters at each site with respect to their permissible limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 10500: 2012). The geospatial mapping of the water quality parameters is carried out to visualize their variations, whereas their risk assessment is accomplished by the statistical approaches viz., water quality index (WQI), correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA). The number of sites exceeding the permissible limits of pH, EC, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, F−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and TH is obtained to be 7, 15, 5, 6, 8, 3, 5, 7, 18, 3, and 8, respectively. The WQI analysis revealed 10 out of the 28 sites to be unsuitable for drinking purposes. The parameters mostly exhibited positive correlations except for pH that showed a negative correlation with other parameters. The results of PCA revealed the first principal component (PC1) to explain more than 95% of the total variance, thereby significantly reducing the dimensionality. The deteriorated water quality may be mainly attributed to anthropogenic activities, i.e., reckless industrial growth, population explosion, and rapid urbanization. This study emphasizes the need for regular water quality monitoring, and the information reported will certainly help for water resources planning and management, especially over the industrial regions of NCR, India.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

2022

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“…PCA extracts eigenvectors and eigenvalues from the original variables of the covariance matrix. The eigenvectors are multiplied by the original corrected variables to obtain the list of principal components [ 169 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-based climate variability analysis of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mekonnen,

Fetene,

Gebremariam

2024

Heliyon

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“…These metals after entering in the human body get absorbed, adsorbed, and accumulated through bio-magnification process, which are further emerged in the form of serious health impacts, such as neurological system damage, kidney dysfunction and ossification 23,24 . Till now, only few studies have been undertaken in Garhwal and Kumaun Himalayan regions highlighting concerns of physico-chemical properties of groundwater 25 and presence of elevated concentrations of heavy metals in perennial rivers 20,21,[26][27][28][29] , in soil 21 , groundwater of major cities 22,30 and surface and groundwater 19 in Uttarakhand, However, a detailed and comprehensive study of different drinking water sources with respect to occurrence of potentially toxic heavy metals and associated pollution indices and ingestion doses in Garhwal Himalayan region is still missing. Therefore, the present study was carried out to (1) quantify concentrations of HMs (Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in piped treated water and mountainous natural springs to characterize potable water quality (2) calculate HPI and HEI for the classification of water sources and (3) estimate the health risks in terms of LADD and HQs for the public.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic study on occurrence, risk estimation and health implications of heavy metals in potable water from different sources of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Prasad

Aswal

Joshi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) in drinking water has been a critical water quality concern for a long time and can compromise its aesthetic value to the larger extent. Chronic exposure of human beings to these toxic and non-toxic HMs through water ingestion can result in significant health risks. To assess these associated health risks, the present study was planned, designed and carried out for analyses of nine HMs namely, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the potable water samples collected from different sources located across the Mandakini valley of Garhwal Himalaya, India using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The measured values of Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were found in the range of BDL–27.4 µg l−1, 0.26–4.5 µg l−1, BDL–139 µg l−1, 0.02–0.9 µg l−1, 0.4–5.5 µg l−1, 0.07–9.2 µg l−1, BDL–4164 µg l−1, BDL–0.8 µg l−1, and BDL–11.2 µg l−1, respectively. The observed values of analyzed HMs except Zn and Pb were found below the reference values prescribed by the WHO, USEPA and BIS. In addition, Zn concentration exceeded its maximum permissible limit (4000 µg l−1) recommended by WHO for infants at one station only. The observed indices show that there are no health risks from HMs contamination via drinking water in the region. Moreover, the estimated hazard quotients for children and adults also revealed no potential health risks. The results of present study will be useful as baseline data for state and national regulatory agencies.

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Assessment of heavy metal contamination in livestock drinking water of Upper Ganga Canal (Roorkee City, India)

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

Grid-based climate variability analysis of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

A systematic study on occurrence, risk estimation and health implications of heavy metals in potable water from different sources of Garhwal Himalaya, India

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