Heavy Crude Oils/Particle Stabilized Emulsions

Kralova, Iva; Sjöblom, Johan; Øye, Gisle; Simon, Sébastien; Grimes, Brian A.; Paso, Kristofer

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2011.09.001

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, in order to highlight the regions in which smallest particle size values were found, enlargements of Figure 1 were also represented setting the water concentration to 0.94 ( Figure 2). Tween 80 is a low-mass surfactant, which has a molar mass of 1.310 g/mol and rapidly coats the surface of the created oil-water interface during emulsification (Iva Kralova et al, 2011;Salvia-Trujillo et al, 2014b). Therefore, there must be enough amounts of surface-active molecules to cover the surface area of oil droplets generated during the formation of nanoemulsions (Acevedo-Fani, Salvia- .…”

Section: Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of essential oils and pectin on nanoemulsion formulation: A ternary phase experimental approach

et al. 2018

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Section: Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of essential oils and pectin on nanoemulsion formulation: A ternary phase experimental approach

et al. 2018

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“…Electro-coalescence is a process to assist approach, contact and finally coalescence of water droplets in oils with a low dielectric permittivity in order to increase their size, thus accelerating their settling velocity and reducing their separation time. The electrostatic effects arise from differences in properties of oil and water, where water has dielectric permittivity and conductivity values much higher than those of the oil, leading to polarization effects in water drops [10]. The amount of dispersed aqueous phase is a key feature to choose the type of electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emulsion stability can be due to the presence of naturally occurring surfactants in the crude oil, such as asphaltenes, resins, waxes, and naphthenic acids [6][7][8]. Asphaltenes and resins are the heaviest and the most polar fraction of the crude oil and are believed to be the major components responsible for emulsion stabilization [9][10][11]. When the asphaltenes accumulate at water-in-crude oil interfaces they tend to form a rigid film surrounding the water drop, thereby preventing them to coalesce during drop-drop collisions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-coalescence of water drops in oils under pulsatile electric fields

Mousavi

Ghadiri

Buckley

2014

Chemical Engineering Science

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For the separation of disperesed water drops from oils an electric field may be used to enhance their coalescence. However, this process could cause some undesirable phenomena such as secondary droplets formation, reducing the separation efficiency. Here the effect of pulsatile electric fields (PEF) on the secondary droplets formation has been investigated. In the presence of a very low frequency PEF or DC electric field three distinct drop-drop and drop-interface interaction patterns are observed: complete coalescence, partial coalescence and rebound without coalescence. The first is the ideal pattern not leaving any secondary droplets. It has previously been shown that an increase in the electric field strength and/or a decrease in the interfacial tension result in non-ideal patterns in dropinterface coalescence. The application of PEF shifts the coalscence pattern from a non-ideal to an ideal one in both drop-drop and drop-interface coalescences. Three waveform types, i.e. square, sinusoidal and sawtooth waves have been applied to the coalescence process. It is shown that the sawtooth waveform is the most effective in reducing the secondary droplets formation in dropinterface coalescence, followed closely by the sinusoidal one. The observation of videos sequences suggests that a threshold frequency exists above which a non-ideal pattern switches to an ideal one. For drop-drop coalescence this threshold frequency depends on the PEF amplitude and the size of primary drop pairs, as for bigger primary drop pairs and larger amplitudes of PEF the threshold frequency would be higher. When using pulsatile electric fields higher field strengths can be applied for systems having a high water content without causing field breakdown, as compared to constant DC field. This is useful in optimizing the electro-coalescence process.

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“…Oil sludge is mainly composed of oil, sludge and water . However, the content of each composition is different due to different sources of oil sludge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Synthesis of nanocomposites from cationic polyacrylamide and modified carbon black: Application as flocculants for oily sludge suspension

Tian

Chen

Liang

et al. 2018

Applied Organom Chemis

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Carbon black was modified using various liquid-phase oxidation methods (modified carbon black = m-CB, m = (1, 2, 3): 1, sulfuric acid/potassium permanganate method; 2, nitric acid method; 3, hydrogen peroxide method). With acetone-ethylene glycol as initiator, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylamide (AM) as monomer, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was prepared by UV excitation of the monomer. The m-CB/CPAM nanocomposites were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The factors that affected the molecular weight of CPAM were investigated, including the total monomer concentration, the dosage of the complex initiator, the mass ratio of m AM :m DMDAAC and the UV irradiation time. The chemical structures and morphologies of the samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental composition, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 1-CB/CPAM was utilized to flocculate oil sludge suspension, and the effects of 1-CB quality, 1-CB/CPAM dosage, temperature and pH value on the flocculation performance of 1-CB/ CPAM were investigated. The flocculation mechanism of 1-CB/CPAM was also analyzed. The results show that 1-CB/CPAM has an outstanding flocculation effect, and it flocculates oil sludge particles by adsorption bridging and charge neutralization in acidic and alkaline conditions.

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Heavy Crude Oils/Particle Stabilized Emulsions

Cited by 73 publications

References 62 publications

Influence of essential oils and pectin on nanoemulsion formulation: A ternary phase experimental approach

Influence of essential oils and pectin on nanoemulsion formulation: A ternary phase experimental approach

Electro-coalescence of water drops in oils under pulsatile electric fields

Synthesis of nanocomposites from cationic polyacrylamide and modified carbon black: Application as flocculants for oily sludge suspension

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