Heating of baryons due to scattering with dark matter during the dark ages

Muñoz, Julián B.; Kovetz, Ely D.; Ali-Haı̈moud, Yacine

doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.083528

Cited by 157 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The evolution equations of temperature and relative velocity were given in Ref. [46]. Focusing on n ¼ −4 scattering, we show in Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of Ref. [46] showed that DM-baryon scattering can also heat both fluids under the right circumstances, from friction due to their relative velocity; this effect is more important for heavier DM, above 1 GeV in mass.…”

Section: Characterizing Mass Dependence In the Cmb Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Going beyond the mean-field approach in temperature evolution, the authors of Ref. [46] pointed out that the drag force between the DM and baryons could also heat up the baryons, and accounting for the evolution of the relative velocity between DM and baryons is important. The initial relative velocity V χb;0 at kinematic decoupling at z ≈ 1010 follows a Gaussian distribution,…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Universe constraints on dark matter-baryon scattering and their implications for a global 21 cm signal

2018

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We present and compare several cosmological constraints on the cross section for elastic scattering between dark matter (DM) and baryons, for cross sections with a range of power-law dependences on the DM-baryon relative velocity v, especially focusing on the case of σ ∝ v −4 . We study constraints spanning a wide range of epochs in cosmological history, from prerecombination distortions to the blackbody spectrum and anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), to modifications to the intergalactic medium temperature and the resulting 21 cm signal, and discuss the allowed signals in the latter channels given the constraints from the former. We improve previous constraints on DM-baryon scattering from the CMB anisotropies, demonstrate via principal component analysis that the effect on the CMB can be written as a simple function of DM mass for v −4 scattering, and map out the redshifts dominating this signal. We show that given high-redshift constraints on DM-baryon scattering, a v −4 scaling of the cross section for light DM would be sufficient to explain the deep 21 cm absorption trough recently claimed by the Experiment to Detect the Reionization Step, if 100% of the DM scatters with baryons; we estimate the minimal necessary velocity scaling and find that it is close to v −4 . For millicharged DM models proposed to explain the observation, where only a small fraction of the DM interacts, we estimate that a PIXIE-like future experiment measuring CMB spectral distortion could test the relevant parameter space.

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“…The evolution equations of temperature and relative velocity were given in Ref. [46]. Focusing on n ¼ −4 scattering, we show in Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizing Mass Dependence In the Cmb Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early-Universe constraints on dark matter-baryon scattering and their implications for a global 21 cm signal

2018

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“…This model is motivated by the EDGES measurement of the 21-cm spectrum at z ≃ 17, which revealed an anomalously large absorption signal [34,35] (see also Refs. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]). The SENSEI constraint (orange) is bounded by the solid (dashed) line for small (large)σ e .…”

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confidence: 99%

SENSEI: First Direct-Detection Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Matter from a Surface Run

et al. 2018

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The Sub-Electron-Noise Skipper CCD Experimental Instrument (SENSEI) uses the recently developed Skipper-CCD technology to search for electron recoils from the interaction of sub-GeV dark matter particles with electrons in silicon. We report first results from a prototype SENSEI detector, which collected 0.019 g day of commissioning data above ground at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. These commissioning data are sufficient to set new direct-detection constraints for dark matter particles with masses between ∼500 keV and 4 MeV. Moreover, since these data were taken on the surface, they disfavor previously allowed strongly interacting dark matter particles with masses between ∼500 keV and a few hundred MeV. We discuss the implications of these data for several dark matter candidates, including one model proposed to explain the anomalously large 21-cm signal observed by the EDGES Collaboration. SENSEI is the first experiment dedicated to the search for electron recoils from dark matter, and these results demonstrate the power of the Skipper-CCD technology for dark matter searches.

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“…Because the intensity of the detected signal is proportional to I 21 cm ∝ 1 − ðT R ðzÞ=T S ðzÞÞ, where T S is the spin temperature of the atomic hydrogen and T R is the temperature of background radiation, the very first studies of the EDGES anomaly ascribed the extra absorption to a new cooling mechanism for the hydrogen gas, based on baryon-dark matter (DM) interactions [2][3][4][5][6][7] (this idea was studied before the EDGES anomaly appeared in Refs. [8][9][10]), on modified onset of star formation [11,12], or on the effects of dark energy [13,14]. DM annihilations [15][16][17] and black hole accretion [18], however, result in the injection of particles characterized by a broad energy spectrum that inevitably lead to heating the hydrogen clouds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining primordial black holes with the EDGES 21-cm absorption signal

et al. 2018

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The EDGES experiment has recently measured an anomalous global 21-cm spectrum due to hydrogen absorptions at redshifts of about z ∼ 17. Model independently, the unusually low temperature of baryons probed by this observable sets strong constraints on any physical process that transfers energy into the baryonic environment at such redshifts. Here, we make use of the 21-cm spectrum to derive bounds on the energy injection due to a possible population of Oð1-100ÞM ⊙ primordial black holes, which induce a wide spectrum of radiation during the accretion of the surrounding gas. After calculating the total radiative intensity of a primordial black hole population, we estimate the amount of heat and ionizations produced in the baryonic gas and compute the resulting thermal history of the Universe with a modified version of RECFAST code. Finally, by imposing that the temperature of the gas at z ∼ 17 does not exceed the indications of EDGES, we constrain the possible abundance of primordial black holes. Depending on uncertainties related to the accretion model, we find that Oð10ÞM ⊙ primordial black holes can only contribute to a fraction f PBH < ð1-10 −3 Þ of the total dark matter abundance.

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Heating of baryons due to scattering with dark matter during the dark ages

Cited by 157 publications

References 62 publications

Early-Universe constraints on dark matter-baryon scattering and their implications for a global 21 cm signal

Early-Universe constraints on dark matter-baryon scattering and their implications for a global 21 cm signal

SENSEI: First Direct-Detection Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Matter from a Surface Run

Constraining primordial black holes with the EDGES 21-cm absorption signal

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