Heating Degree Day Data Applied to Residential Heating Energy Consumption

Quayle, Robert G.; Díaz, Henry F.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<0241:hdddat>2.0.co;2

Cited by 182 publications

(104 citation statements)

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“…This concept assumes that no energy is needed for heating if outside temperatures are above a certain threshold, and that energy demand increases linearly with decreasing temperatures below that level. It has been shown that the fuel use correlates very well with HDDs (Quayle and Diaz, 1980). With a base temperature of 15 • C, the HDDs are given by H dd = 15 − T , where T is the outside daily average air temperature in degree Celsius.…”

Section: Emission Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

et al. 2013

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Arctic haze is a seasonal phenomenon with high concentrations of accumulation-mode aerosols occurring in the Arctic in winter and early spring. Chemistry transport models and climate chemistry models struggle to reproduce this phenomenon, and this has recently prompted changes in aerosol removal schemes to remedy the modeling problems. In this paper, we show that shortcomings in current emission data sets are at least as important. We perform a 3 yr model simulation of black carbon (BC) with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The model is driven with a new emission data set ("ECLIPSE emissions") which includes emissions from gas flaring. While gas flaring is estimated to contribute less than 3% of global BC emissions in this data set, flaring dominates the estimated BC emissions in the Arctic (north of 66° N). Putting these emissions into our model, we find that flaring contributes 42% to the annual mean BC surface concentrations in the Arctic. In March, flaring even accounts for 52% of all Arctic BC near the surface. Most of the flaring BC remains close to the surface in the Arctic, so that the flaring contribution to BC in the middle and upper troposphere is small. Another important factor determining simulated BC concentrations is the seasonal variation of BC emissions from residential combustion (often also called domestic combustion, which is used synonymously in this paper). We have calculated daily residential combustion emissions using the heating degree day (HDD) concept based on ambient air temperature and compare results from model simulations using emissions with daily, monthly and annual time resolution. In January, the Arctic-mean surface concentrations of BC due to residential combustion emissions are 150% higher when using daily emissions than when using annually constant emissions. While there are concentration reductions in summer, they are smaller than the winter increases, leading to a systematic increase of annual mean Arctic BC surface concentrations due to residential combustion by 68% when using daily emissions. A large part (93%) of this systematic increase can be captured also when using monthly emissions; the increase is compensated by a decreased BC burden at lower latitudes. In a comparison with BC measurements at six Arctic stations, we find that using daily-varying residential combustion emissions and introducing gas flaring emissions leads to large improvements of the simulated Arctic BC, both in terms of mean concentration levels and simulated seasonality. Case studies based on BC and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements from the Zeppelin observatory appear to confirm flaring as an important BC source that can produce pollution plumes in the Arctic with a high BC / CO enhancement ratio, as expected for this source type. BC measurements taken during a research ship cruise in the White, Barents and Kara seas north of the region with strong flaring emissions reveal very high concentrations of the order of 200–400 ng m⁻³. The model underestimates these concentr...

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Section: Emission Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

et al. 2013

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“…air-conditioner, electric heating) have a probability to switch on depending on the temperature and the wind speed [31] and are modelled according to a heating degree day approach as illustrated in [32]. The irradiance also has an influence on the required heating, but this effect is for a large part already included in the temperature.…”

Section: Appliance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom-up Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach for scenario based residential load modelling with publicly available data

Nijhuis

Gibescu

Cobben

2016

Energy and Buildings

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“…Since weather and especially temperature is one of the main exogenous factors affecting the demand for electricity and hence the price, the variables heating degree day (HDD) and cooling degree day (CDD) are included (Halvorsen 1975;Quayle and Diaz 1980). These variables are able to address the possible non-linear effect of temperature on demand by differentiating between the energy needed to heat and to cool buildings to keep the inside at a constant temperature of 18…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Do They Still Matter? – Impact of Fossil Fuels on Electricity Prices in the Light of Increased Renewable Generation

Lips

2017

Journal of Time Series Econometrics

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractDuring the last years, the German energy sector and especially its electricity market was affected by a major energy transition, the so called "Energiewende". This transition led to an increase of electricity production from renewable sources and thereby affected the whole electricity market. Therefore, it provides lessons for countries, which are only beginning a similar transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The aim of this analysis is to assess if there still exists a relationship between fossil fuel and electricity prices. Due to possible structural breaks in the time series a minimum Lagrange Multiplier (LM) stationarity test is applied, which endogenously determines possible structural breaks. Subsequently a bootstrap approach is used to estimate confidence intervals (C.I.s) for the test statistic and the possible break dates. Furthermore, the stability of the cointegration vector is assessed with the test by Hansen and Johansen (1999). The results indicate that the cointegration relationship is not stable over time. To incorporate these findings, the cointegration analysis is based on Johansen et al. (2000), which allows structural breaks in the deterministic part of the cointegration relation. These results supports the assumption that the energy transition affected the relationship between fossil fuels and electricity prices, although there still exists a relatively strong cointegration relation between fossil fuel and electricity prices in the long run.Keywords: Structural Breaks, Bootstrap, Stationarity Test, Cointegration, Energy Economics, German Energy Transition JEL classification: C58, G14, L94, Q41. * I am grateful to Peter Winker, all my colleagues and the participants of the MAGKS Colloquium (Marburg) for helpful comments and fruitful discussions.

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Heating Degree Day Data Applied to Residential Heating Energy Consumption

Cited by 182 publications

References 0 publications

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

Bottom-up Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach for scenario based residential load modelling with publicly available data

Do They Still Matter? – Impact of Fossil Fuels on Electricity Prices in the Light of Increased Renewable Generation

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