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Abstract-Due the many uncertainties present in the evolution of loads and distributed generation, the use of probabilistic load flow in low voltage (LV) networks is essential for the evaluation of the robustness of these networks from a planning perspective. The main challenge with the assessment of LV-networks is the sheer number of networks which need to be analysed. Moreover, most loads in the LV-network have a volatile nature and are hard to approximate using conventional probability distributions. This can be overcome by the use of a Gaussian mixture distribution in load modelling. Taking advantage of its radial nature and high R/X ratios, the LV-network can be analysed more efficiently from a computation viewpoint. By the application of simplifications defined in this paper, the backwards-forwards load flow can be solved analytically. This allows for the direct computation of the load flow equations with a Gaussian mixture distribution as load. When using this new approach, the required calculation time for small networks can be decreased to 3% of the time it takes to generate a similar accuracy with a Monte Carlo approach. The practical application of this load flow calculation method is illustrated with a case study on PV penetration.

Abstract:With the introduction of more non-linear loads, e.g., compact fluorescent lamps, electric vehicles, photovoltaics, etc., the need to determine the harmonic impact of the residential load is rising, illustrated by the many studies performed on their harmonic impact. Traditionally, these studies are performed for a single new device and single penetration level, neglecting the harmonic interaction between new types of devices, as well as giving little information at which moment in time possible problems may arise. A composite approach to access the impact of harmonic sources on the distribution network is therefore proposed. This method combines a bottom-up stochastic modeling of the residential load with harmonic measurement data and harmonic load-flows all based on a scenario analysis. The method is validated with measurement data and shows a good prediction of the current level of harmonics in a residential neighborhood for the current situation. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, case studies are performed on the IEEE European Low Voltage Test Feeder. These case studies show a marked difference between applying individual device-based models and a composite modeling approach, demonstrating why the proposed approach is an adequate method for the determination of the impact of new devices on the harmonics.

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