Heat treatment and irradiation reduce anti-bacterial and immune-modulatory properties of bovine colostrum

Nguyen, Duc Ninh; Currie, Andrew; Ren, Shuqiang; Bering, Stine Brandt; Sangild, Per Torp

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.012

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk after birth in cows, is rich in immunoglobulins and other immunomodulatory factors (41), inhibits growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) in vitro (42) and prevents septic shock and neuroinflammation in newborn preterm pigs (within 2 d of birth), relative to pigs not fed enterally (43). To further validate preterm pigs as models for preterm infants sensitive to blood stream infections, we investigated responses to SE infection across five different experiments with varying postnatal ages and exposures to immunoglobulin-containing diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Modulates the High Sensitivity to Systemic Infection in Newborn Preterm Pigs

et al. 2020

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Background: Preterm infants are born with an immature immune system, limited passive immunity, and are at risk of developing bacteremia and sepsis in the postnatal period. We hypothesized that enteral feeding, with or without added immunoglobulins, improves the clinical response to systemic infection by coagulase negative staphylococci.Methods: Using preterm cesarean delivered pigs as models for preterm infants, we infused live Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE, 5 × 10 9 colony forming units per kg) systemically 0-3 days after birth across five different experiments. SE infection responses were assessed following different gestational age at birth (preterm vs. term), enteral milk diets (bovine colostrum, infant formula with or without added porcine plasma) and with/without systemic immunoglobulins. Pigs infected with SE were assessed 12-48 h for clinical variables, blood bacteriology, chemistry, hematology, and gut dysfunction (intestinal permeability, necrotizing enterocolitis lesions).Results: Adverse clinical responses and increased mortality were observed in preterm vs. term pigs, when infected with SE just after birth. Feeding bovine colostrum just after birth improved blood SE clearance and clinical status (improved physical activity and intestinal structure, fewer bone marrow bacteria), relative to pigs fed infant formula. A few days later, clinical responses to SE bacteremia (hematology, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, T cell subsets) were less severe, and less affected by different milk diets, with or without added immunoglobulins. Conclusion:Prematurity increases the sensitivity of newborn pigs to SE bacteremia, potentially causing sepsis. Sensitivity to systemic SE infection decreases rapidly in the days after preterm birth. Both age and diet (parenteral nutrition, colostrum, milk, formula) may influence gut inflammation, bacterial translocation and systemic immune development in the days after birth in preterm newborns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Modulates the High Sensitivity to Systemic Infection in Newborn Preterm Pigs

et al. 2020

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“…Transmembrane pressure progressively decreased from the feed inlet of the membrane to the feed outlet of the membrane, resulting in a decreasing flux gradient over the length of the membrane, which caused rapid fouling at the inlet part of the membrane and hence underutilization of the outlet part [ 18 , 23 ]. Adams and Barbano [ 21 ] reported that MF performance could be improved by using a uniform transmembrane pressure system, graded permeability membrane or isoflux membrane, which could counteract the length-dependent defects and obtain a more homogenous flux and deposit layer formation along the membrane. This might explain the different recovery yields obtained by different membranes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One consideration is the repeated heat treatment encountered by the conventional WP ingredients such as demineralized whey powders and whey protein concentrate, resulting in decreased levels of multiple bioactive proteins (e.g., Ig and LF) and enzymes. The serum proteins derived directly from skim milk by MF (i.e., a nonthermal treatment) may serve as a better option than the conventional WP ingredients to provide protection against infection and inflammation in newborn infants, as their bioactive components would be better retained [ 21 ]. The serum proteins, especially the bioactive proteins and enzymes, generally maintain their native structure, and hence are suitable to be used as a protein ingredient to produce IMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Major and Minor Serum Proteins during Microfiltration of Skim Milk: Effects of Pore Diameters, Concentration Factors and Processing Stages

Liu

et al. 2021

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Effects of pore diameters (100, 50, and 20 nm), concentration factors (1–8) and processing stages (1–5) on the transmission of major serum proteins (β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin) and minor serum proteins (immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, lactoferrin (LF), lactoperoxidase (LPO), xanthine oxidase (XO)) during ceramic microfiltration (MF) of skim milk were studied. Holstein skim milk was microfiltered at a temperature of 50 °C, a transmembrane pressure of 110 kPa and a crossflow velocity of 6.7 m/s, using a tubular single stainless steel module that consisted of three ceramic tubes, each with 19 channels (3.5 mm inner diameter) and a length of 0.5 m. For MF with 100 nm and 50 nm pore diameters, the recovery yield of major serum proteins in permeate was 44.3% and 44.1%, while the recovery yield of minor serum proteins was slightly less by 0%–8% than 50 nm MF. MF with 20 nm pore diameters showed a markedly lower (by 12%–45%) recovery yield for both major and minor serum proteins, corresponding with its lower membrane flux. Flux sharply decreased with an increasing concentration factor (CF) up to four, and thereafter remained almost unchanged. Compared to the decrease (88%) of flux, the transmission of major and minor serum proteins was decreased by 4%–15% from CF = one to CF = eight. With increasing processing stages, the flux gradually increased, and the recovery yield of both major and minor proteins in the permeate gradually decreased and reached a considerably low value at stage five. After four stages of MF with 100 nm pore diameter and a CF of four for each stage, the cumulative recovery yield of major serum proteins, IgG, IgA, IgM, LF, LPO, and XO reached 95.7%, 90.8%, 68.5%, 34.1%, 15.3%, 39.1% and 81.2% respectively.

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“…In preterm pigs, heat treatment (pasteurization) reduced the capacity of human milk to reduce systemic infection [ 253 ], yet the addition of BC to pasteurized donor milk improved its capacity to prevent infection [ 184 ]. Direct antimicrobial effects of BC are supported by studies in vitro, both in combination with formula [ 254 ] and human milk [ 250 ]. Conversely, potential indirect effects, such as improved gut integrity, reduced bacterial translocation, and systemic immunity, in immature newborns are supported by studies in both piglets [ 229 ] and rodents [ 255 ].…”

Section: Bovine Colostrum To Prevent or Treat Specific Pediatric Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the adverse effects of processing colostrum to its constituents (e.g., bioactives, macronutrients, and micronutrients) are more likely to impact the response of these infants to BC supplementation, relative to more robust term infants and children. Processing procedures differentially reduce the content of many bioactive factors in BC [ 225 , 232 , 254 , 276 ], and while this may decrease in vivo bioactivity, it does not eliminate it, partly due to the high amounts present in native BC before processing. Igs and LF are relatively sensitive to heat damage, while other bioactive peptides, such as IGF-1 and TGF-β, are less sensitive [ 276 , 277 , 278 ].…”

Section: Processing Of Bovine Colostrum For Use In Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Pediatric Nutrition and Health

et al. 2021

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Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk produced from cows after parturition, is increasingly used as a nutritional supplement to promote gut function and health in other species, including humans. The high levels of whey and casein proteins, immunoglobulins (Igs), and other milk bioactives in BC are adapted to meet the needs of newborn calves. However, BC supplementation may improve health outcomes across other species, especially when immune and gut functions are immature in early life. We provide a review of BC composition and its effects in infants and children in health and selected diseases (diarrhea, infection, growth-failure, preterm birth, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), short-bowel syndrome, and mucositis). Human trials and animal studies (mainly in piglets) are reviewed to assess the scientific evidence of whether BC is a safe and effective antimicrobial and immunomodulatory nutritional supplement that reduces clinical complications related to preterm birth, infections, and gut disorders. Studies in infants and animals suggest that BC should be supplemented at an optimal age, time, and level to be both safe and effective. Exclusive BC feeding is not recommended for infants because of nutritional imbalances relative to human milk. On the other hand, adverse effects, including allergies and intolerance, appear unlikely when BC is provided as a supplement within normal nutrition guidelines for infants and children. Larger clinical trials in infant populations are needed to provide more evidence of health benefits when patients are supplemented with BC in addition to human milk or formula. Igs and other bioactive factors in BC may work in synergy, making it critical to preserve bioactivity with gentle processing and pasteurization methods. BC has the potential to become a safe and effective nutritional supplement for several pediatric subpopulations.

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Heat treatment and irradiation reduce anti-bacterial and immune-modulatory properties of bovine colostrum

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Diet Modulates the High Sensitivity to Systemic Infection in Newborn Preterm Pigs

Diet Modulates the High Sensitivity to Systemic Infection in Newborn Preterm Pigs

Transmission of Major and Minor Serum Proteins during Microfiltration of Skim Milk: Effects of Pore Diameters, Concentration Factors and Processing Stages

Potential Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Pediatric Nutrition and Health

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