“…The validation and calculations for benchmarks are widely implemented in different kinds of assemblies. The objects of experiments and simulations include a wire-wrapped annulus (Qin et al, 2019), 7- (Merzari et al, 2016), 19- (Pacio et al, 2016;Piazza et al, 2016;Pacio et al, 2017), 61- (Nguyen et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018;Goth et al, 2018a;Goth et al, 2018b;Nguyen et al, 2018), and 127-pin assemblies (Kennedy et al, 2015), and for detailed outcomes, readers can refer to the paper by Roelof (Roelofs et al, 2019b) which makes key conclusions on these numeric practices. Among these studies, a variety of numerical results have confirmed the feasibility of the RANS models in simulating the turbulent heat transfer of liquid-metal coolants.…”