Heat transfer characteristics of supercritical water in channels: A systematic literature review of 20 years of research

Current status of the thermohydraulic behavior of supercritical refrigerants: A review

“…In [30], a graphical overview of the data points in function of diameter ranges was made, with the large majority between 10 -14 mm and significantly less for 22 -38 mm. However, in [42], they state that the current investigations still do not cover the required water conditions for the design and safety analysis of SCWRs.…”

“…In [11] it is mentioned that in general, at similar conditions, the wall temperature peak is more significant for downward than upward flow. However, contradictory results were mentioned in [31,42]. For higher mass flow rates and smaller diameters, an increase in q leads to DHT independent of flow direction.…”

“…Year Fluid Topic Pitla et al [23] 1998 CO 2 Overview 1961 -present, Correlations Cheng and Schulenberg [24] 2001 H 2 O, CO 2 General Pioro and Duffey [25] 2003 Overview 1961 -2001, General Pioro et al [4] 2004 Correlations Pioro and Duffey [26] 2005 H 2 O Channels, General Duffey and Pioro [27] 2005 CO 2 Experimental, General Cheng et al [28] 2008 CO 2 Cooling, Correlations Pioro and Mokry [29] 2011 General Zahlan et al [30] 2011 H 2 O Correlations Jackson [22] 2013 Mixing, DHT Kurganov [31,32,33,34] 2012 -2014 Fundamentals, NHT, DHT, Flow structure, Correlations Yoo [11] 2013 Experimental, Numerical Yildiz and Groeneveld [35] 2014 Diameter effect Chen et al [36] 2015 H In general, water and CO 2 have been the most widely investigated fluids, where focus has been on circular bare tubes (and only a limited number of studies on heat transfer and pressure drop in annuli and tube bundles) [4,24]. In addition, most experimental studies have been on vertical flow (upwards flow for water [42]), and only some on horizontal tubes [26]. In [24], one of the main conclusions of their review was the large covered parameter range in mass fluxes (G), heat fluxes (q) and hydraulic diameters (d h ) (G: 100 -5,100 kg/m 2 •s, q: 0 -4,500 kW/m 2 , d h : 2 -32 mm).…”

“…DHT only occurred at high q/G values under the temperature condition of T b < T pc < T w . Two types of DHT were recognized by [29,42]: the first type appearing in the entrance region of the tube (due to flow structure, mainly at low mass fluxes and high heat fluxes). The mechanism behind the first type of DHT is still not quite clear.…”

“…For inclined or horizontal tubes, DHT is localized at the upper part of the tube. DHT is also dependent on the inlet temperature [27,31,40] and pressure [42] and can be suppressed or delayed by increasing the turbulence level of the flow [27,26]. The critical heat flux is dependent on multiple factors such as mass flux, diameter, pressure and inlet temperature, as well as the fluid under consideration [40].…”