Heat Transfer Attributes of Gold–Silver–Blood Hybrid Nanomaterial Flow in an EMHD Peristaltic Channel with Activation Energy

Abstract

The heat enhancement in hybrid nanofluid flow through the peristaltic mechanism has received great attention due to its occurrence in many engineering and biomedical systems, such as flow through canals, the cavity flow model and biomedicine. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to discuss the hybrid nanofluid flow in a symmetric peristaltic channel with diverse effects, such as electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD), activation energy, gyrotactic microorganisms and solar radiation. The equations governing this motion were simplified under the approximations of a low Reynolds number (LRN), a long wavelength (LWL) and Debye–Hückel linearization (DHL). The numerical solutions for the non-dimensional system of equations were tackled using the computational software Mathematica. The influences of diverse physical parameters on the flow and thermal characteristics were computed through pictorial interpretations. It was concluded from the results that the thermophoresis parameter and Grashof number increased the hybrid nanofluid velocity near the right wall. The nanoparticle temperature decreased with the radiation parameter and Schmidt number. The activation energy and radiation enhanced the nanoparticle volume fraction, and motile microorganisms decreased with an increase in the Peclet number and Schmidt number. The applications of the current investigation include chyme flow in the gastrointestinal tract, the control of blood flow during surgery by altering the magnetic field and novel drug delivery systems in pharmacological engineering.

Applications of a Group Theoretical Method on Biomagnetic Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer for Different Shapes of Fe3O4 Magnetic Particles under the Influence of Thermal Radiation and a Magnetic Dipole over a Cylinder

“…where S = ψ, θ, H and i, j = x, r, t. Equation ( 21) is said to be invariantly transformed under (25) and (26), whenever…”

“…for some function I 1 (a 1 , a 2 ) which may be constant. The terms defined in (25) together with the corresponding derivatives from ( 26) are substituted into the left side of Equation ( 27), yielding…”

“…They reported that when nanoparticles are added to a base fluid, the fluid velocity and the heat transfer rate increase. Souayeh et al [25] performed a numerical analysis of the flow and heat transfer of water-silver/gold nanofluid flow through an electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) peristaltic channel in the presence of activation energy and radiation and microorganisms. Alwawi et al [26] applied the Keller box method solutions to recapitulate human blood and water with CuO, Al, Au nanoparticles assuming a constant surface heat flux subject to a circular cylinder.…”

Synthesis of in situ Generated Cu−CNT Hybrid Nanofluid and the Study of Their Thermo‐physical Properties

“…A new class of Nanofluid has been introduced with improved heat transfer characteristics, prepared by mixing multiple nanoparticles in the primary fluid. These Nanofluid are also referred to as hybrid nanofluid and have excellent thermo‐physical properties [15–18] . Hybrid nanofluid show promising heat transfer enhancement effect than single Nanofluid in most cases due to synergistic effect [19–22] .…”

EMHD Nanofluid Flow with Radiation and Variable Heat Flux Effects along a Slandering Stretching Sheet

“…Ali and Ghori [ 35 ] examined the melting effects of Cattaneao–Christove and heat radiation on MHD nanofluid flow, including microorganisms. Souayeh et al [ 36 ] discussed the flow of hybrid nanofluids through a peristaltic channel under the influence of EMHD, activation energy, radiation and gyrotactic microorganisms.…”