Heat Strain During Explosive Ordnance Disposal

Stewart, Ian; Rojek, Amanda; Hunt, Andrew P.

doi:10.7205/milmed-d-11-00052

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…The Kestrel series of weather meters is widely used within environmental research, and has been shown to be effective in a wide range of environments 18 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Search Dog Effectiveness in a Terrestrial Search and Rescue Environment

Greatbatch

Gosling²,

Allen

2015

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Objective: There is widespread and longstanding use of dogs in Land Search and Rescue (SAR) operations and their effectiveness is well accepted within the SAR community.However, very little published research exists that quantifies that effectiveness within a realistic SAR environment.Methods: This study included 25 experiments, conducted between October 2013 and February 2014 with 10 dog/handler pairs, using randomised target placement to calculate the ratio of hits, misses and false positives per dog. Each dog was fitted with a GPS receiver to record their paths and ambient temperature. Wind strength and humidity were recorded throughout each run.Results: There was no identifiable correlation between humidity, temperature or wind-speed and effectiveness, but the age of the dog has a small positive correlation.Using a standard effectiveness formula, basic descriptive statistics were generated, which showed that the dogs tested were 76.4% successful overall, with an effectiveness of 62.9%. Dogs covered a mean distance 2.4 times greater than their human handlers but travelled at roughly average human walking speed.Conclusions: This work represents a first attempt to quantify and understand levels of performance in lowland search dogs, and these results need to be understood within that context. A repeatable experimental framework has been demonstrated and provides a foundation for further work in this area.

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“…The Kestrel series of weather meters is widely used within environmental research, and has been shown to be effective in a wide range of environments 18 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Search Dog Effectiveness in a Terrestrial Search and Rescue Environment

Greatbatch

Gosling²,

Allen

2015

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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“…This combined with a microenvironment that minimises the body’s natural capability to dissipate heat, subsequently compromises the EOD technician’s ability to maintain thermoregulatory balance. Once compromised this predisposes the EOD technician to an increased risk of heat strain and potential heat illness [2], [3]. In order to minimise this risk and the potential threat of the IED itself, EOD technicians often utilise robots to assist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Tolerance Times while Wearing Explosive Ordnance Disposal Protective Clothing in Simulated Environmental Extremes

Stewart

Worringham

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) technicians are required to wear protective clothing to protect themselves from the threat of overpressure, fragmentation, impact and heat. The engineering requirements to minimise these threats results in an extremely heavy and cumbersome clothing ensemble that increases the internal heat generation of the wearer, while the clothing’s thermal properties reduce heat dissipation. This study aimed to evaluate the heat strain encountered wearing EOD protective clothing in simulated environmental extremes across a range of differing work intensities. Eight healthy males [age 25±6 years (mean ± sd), height 180±7 cm, body mass 79±9 kg, V˙O2max 57±6 ml.kg−1.min−1] undertook nine trials while wearing an EOD9 suit (weighing 33.4 kg). The trials involved walking on a treadmill at 2.5, 4 and 5.5 km⋅h−1 at each of the following environmental conditions, 21, 30 and 37°C wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) in a randomised controlled crossover design. The trials were ceased if the participants’ core temperature reached 39°C, if heart rate exceeded 90% of maximum, if walking time reached 60 minutes or due to fatigue/nausea. Tolerance times ranged from 10–60 minutes and were significantly reduced in the higher walking speeds and environmental conditions. In a total of 15 trials (21%) participants completed 60 minutes of walking; however, this was predominantly at the slower walking speeds in the 21°C WBGT environment. Of the remaining 57 trials, 50 were ceased, due to attainment of 90% maximal heart rate. These near maximal heart rates resulted in moderate-high levels of physiological strain in all trials, despite core temperature only reaching 39°C in one of the 72 trials.

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“…For example, exertional heat stress is one of the most dangerous threats in the military environment, and many studies have focused on this issue [18][19][20][21][22]. Exertional heat stress leads to an increase in body temperature [23], and IRT might be an alternative method for its evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian and gender differences in skin temperature in militaries by thermography

Marins

Formenti

Costa

et al. 2015

Infrared Physics & Technology

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Heat Strain During Explosive Ordnance Disposal

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Quantifying Search Dog Effectiveness in a Terrestrial Search and Rescue Environment

Quantifying Search Dog Effectiveness in a Terrestrial Search and Rescue Environment

Physiological Tolerance Times while Wearing Explosive Ordnance Disposal Protective Clothing in Simulated Environmental Extremes

Circadian and gender differences in skin temperature in militaries by thermography

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