Circadian and gender differences in skin temperature in militaries by thermography

Marins, João Carlos Bouzas; Formenti, Damiano; Costa, Carlos Alberto da; Fernandes, Alex de Andrade; Quintana, Manuel Sillero

doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2015.05.008

Cited by 49 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…While controversy in the literature regarding emissivity exists (Sanchez-Marin et al, 2009;Steketee, 1973), 96% of experts strongly agreed that an emissivity of 0.98 (ε) should be used for clean dry skin. Due to circadian rhythm (Costa et al, 2015;Marins et al, 2015), tsk is likely to change during the course of the day, therefore, when individuals are assessed over multiple days or when comparisons between participants are made at different time of the day, the time of day at which the images were recorded should be reported. The panel of experts agreed that the use of a standardized body position as well as the selection of regions of interest should be sufficiently described to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: A Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature

Moreira

Costello

Brito

et al. 2017

Journal of Thermal Biology

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The importance of using infrared thermography (IRT) to assess skin temperature (t) is increasing in clinical settings. Recently, its use has been increasing in sports and exercise medicine; however, no consensus guideline exists to address the methods for collecting data in such situations. The aim of this study was to develop a checklist for the collection of t using IRT in sports and exercise medicine. We carried out a Delphi study to set a checklist based on consensus agreement from leading experts in the field. Panelists (n = 24) representing the areas of sport science (n = 8; 33%), physiology (n = 7; 29%), physiotherapy (n = 3; 13%) and medicine (n = 6; 25%), from 13 different countries completed the Delphi process. An initial list of 16 points was proposed which was rated and commented on by panelists in three rounds of anonymous surveys following a standard Delphi procedure. The panel reached consensus on 15 items which encompassed the participants' demographic information, camera/room or environment setup and recording/analysis of t using IRT. The results of the Delphi produced the checklist entitled "Thermographic Imaging in Sports and Exercise Medicine (TISEM)" which is a proposal to standardize the collection and analysis of t data using IRT. It is intended that the TISEM can also be applied to evaluate bias in thermographic studies and to guide practitioners in the use of this technique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: A Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature

Moreira

Costello

Brito

et al. 2017

Journal of Thermal Biology

Self Cite

255

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All participants carried out a single experimental session at the same time of day (9.00 a.m.–12.00 a.m.) ( Marins et al, 2015 ). They were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise as well as consuming caffeine, drugs or other medications with potential effect on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory functions at least 48 h prior to testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral asymmetry of skin temperature is not related to bilateral asymmetry of crank torque during an incremental cycling exercise to exhaustion

Trecroci

Formenti

Ludwig

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Although moderate relationships (|r| ∼ 0.5) were reported between skin temperature and performance-related variables (e.g., kinetic), it remains unclear whether skin temperature asymmetry reflects muscle force imbalance in cycling. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a relationship exists between kinetic and thermal asymmetry during a fatiguing exercise. Ten elite cyclists were enrolled and tested on a maximal incremental cycling test. Peak crank torques of both legs were obtained at the initial and final workload. Likewise, bilateral skin temperatures were recorded before and after exercise. Asymmetric indexes were also calculated for kinetic (AIK) and skin temperature (AIT) outcomes. The bilateral peak crank torques showed a larger difference at the final compared to the initial workload (p < 0.05) of the incremental exercise. Conversely, the bilateral skin temperature did not show any differences at both initial and final workload (p > 0.05). Additionally, trivial relationships were reported between AIK and AIT (−0.3 < r < 0.2) at the initial and final workload. The obtained results showed that changes in bilateral kinetic values did not reflect concurrent changes in bilateral skin temperatures. This finding emphasizes the difficulty of associating the asymmetry of skin temperature with those of muscle effort in elite cyclists. Lastly, our study also provided further insights on thermal skin responses during exhaustive cycling exercise in very highly-trained athletes.

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“…In this study, there is a mixed sample composition of males and females. In this aspect, some studies have reported a lower temperature in several body regions of females measured at rest ( Chudecka and Lubkowska, 2015 ; Marins et al, 2014b ; Marins et al, 2015 ) and during aerobic exercise in a cold environment ( Fournet et al, 2013 ) when compared to males. In this study, a temperature difference between male and female was observed, however there was no effect of the sex factor over time (Times×sex interaction).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin temperature changes during muscular static stretching exercise

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of stretching exercise on skin temperature, flexibility, passive muscle stiffness, and pain during hamstring stretching in healthy young subjects. Thirty-one participants (n=31) were randomly divided into 2 groups: an experimental group (EG, n=15), which was submitted to hamstring stretching exercise for 180 sec, and the control group (n=16), which was not exercised. Skin temperature (TsK) was collected in subjects’ posterior thigh using a thermographic camera at 7 time points with intervals of 30 sec each: T0 (rest), T30, T60, T90, T120, T150, and T180. In addition, the knee range of motion, passive stiffness and muscle soreness (visual analogue scale) were recorded during the stretching procedure at the same times. The EG presented a small but progressive increase in TsK (30.8°C±0.6°C to 31.1°C±0.6°C, P<0.01), with an increased range of motion (P<0.01) and muscle soreness levels (P<0.01) during the gradual hamstring stretching protocol. Additionally, there was an increment of passive stiffness (P<0.01) that was partially reversed toward the end of the stretching period. This research presents evidence that constant, passive and progressive stretching of the hamstrings progressively increased the local TsK by about 0.3°C after 180 sec of stretching. These findings may help to understand the effects of repeated stress on the muscle-tendon unit and the role of muscle stretching in warm-up protocols and rehabilitation.

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Circadian and gender differences in skin temperature in militaries by thermography

Cited by 49 publications

References 49 publications

Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: A Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature

Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: A Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature

Bilateral asymmetry of skin temperature is not related to bilateral asymmetry of crank torque during an incremental cycling exercise to exhaustion

Skin temperature changes during muscular static stretching exercise

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