Heat-related mortality in Cyprus for current and future climate scenarios

Heaviside, Clare; Tsangari, Haritini; Paschalidou, Anastasia Κ.; Vardoulakis, Sotiris; Kassomenos, Pavlos; Georgiou, Kyriakos E.; Yamasaki, Edna N.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.138

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Cities that are already very hot need to implement substantially enough strategies to deal with the increased heat extremities [16]. Heaviside et al (2016) examined the heat-related mortality in Nicosia from 2004 to 2009 inclusive and found that mortality rate increased steeply with temperature increase and specifically for an increase of 1 °C over baseline temperature the estimated heat-related mortality increased by 24%, and for a 5 °C temperature increase the heat related mortality increased by 133% [32]. Moreover, the same study statistically investigated the confounding effect of PM 10 on mortality rates, concluding that it had a negligible effect on the exposure-response relationship for temperature-related mortality in Cyprus [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Probability of Heat-Related Mortality in a Mediterranean City Due to Urban Warming

Pyrgou

Santamouris

2018

IJERPH

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Extreme temperatures impose thermal stress on human health, resulting in increased hospitalizations and mortality rate. We investigated the circulatory and respiratory causes of death for the years 2007 to 2014 inclusive for the urban and rural areas of Nicosia, Cyprus under urban heatwave and non-heatwave conditions. Heatwaves were defined as four or more consecutive days with mean urban daily temperature over the 90th percentile threshold temperature of the eight investigated years. Lag period of adverse health effects was found to be up to three days following the occurrence of high temperatures. The relative risk (RR) for mortality rate under heatwave and non-heatwave conditions was found taking in consideration the lag period. The results showed the increase of mortality risk particularly for men of ages 65–69 (RR = 2.38) and women of ages 65–74 (around RR = 2.54) in the urban area, showing that women were more vulnerable to heat extremities. High temperatures were also associated with high ozone concentrations, but they did not impose an excess risk factor, as they did not reach extreme values. This analysis highlights the importance of preparing for potential heat related health impacts even in Cyprus, which is an island with frequent heatwaves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Probability of Heat-Related Mortality in a Mediterranean City Due to Urban Warming

Pyrgou

Santamouris

2018

IJERPH

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“…These extremes in environmental deprivation can influence human health; for example, extremes in temperature have increased morbidity and mortality risk [1,2] and air pollution from carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and particulate matter (PM) have been found to be associated with cardiovascular and respiratory issues [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. These environmental deprivations can also influence health risk in both spatial and temporal dimensions [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Smart City: Development and Application of an Improved Integrated Environmental Monitoring System

Wong

Wang

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:Environmental deprivation is an issue influencing the urban wellbeing of a city. However, there are limitations to spatiotemporally monitoring the environmental deprivation. Thus, recent studies have introduced the concept of "Smart City" with the use of advanced technology for real-time environmental monitoring. In this regard, this study presents an improved Integrated Environmental Monitoring System (IIEMS) with the consideration on nine environmental parameters: temperature, relative humidity, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO, SO 2 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), UV index, and noise. This system was comprised of a mobile unit and a server-based platform with nine highly accurate micro-sensors in-coupling into the mobile unit for estimating these environmental exposures. A calibration test using existing monitoring station data was conducted in order to evaluate the systematic errors. Two applications with the use of the new system were also conducted under different scenarios: pre-and post-typhoon days and in areas with higher and lower vegetation coverage. Linear regressions were applied to predict the changes in environmental quality after a typhoon and to estimate the difference in environmental exposures between urban roads and green spaces. The results show that environmental exposures interact with each other, while some exposures are also controlled by location. PM 2.5 had the highest change after a typhoon with an estimated 8.0 µg/m 3 decrease that was controlled by other environmental factors and geographical location. Sound level and temperature were significantly higher on urban roads than in urban parks. This study demonstrates the potential to use IIEMS for environmental quality measurements under the greater framework of a Smart City and for sustainability research.

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“…By means of a carbon footprint analysis, Rossi et al [13] also calculated that the decrease of the performance of electronic and mechanical instruments can reach up to 25%. Furthermore, although the relationship between heat and mortality varies by location and population group, heat-related mortality during summer months is likely to become a dominant public health problem in the future due to the effects of climate change and will increase sharply over this century [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials used in the urban fabric play a very important role in the urban thermal balance as they absorb incident solar radiation and dissipate a percentage of the absorbed heat through convective and radiative processes in the atmosphere, increasing the ambient temperature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The increase of the albedo of urban surfaces allows them to reflect a significant part of the incoming solar radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase of the albedo of urban surfaces allows them to reflect a significant part of the incoming solar radiation. Several studies thus proposed the implementation of highly reflective materials for roofs, pavements and walls [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], with innovative solutions including thermochromic materials [19], directionally reflective materials [20] and retro-reflective materials [21][22][23][24]. The positive effect of higher albedo on building energy consumption and the UHI effect reduction, even in cold climates, has been demonstrated through various studies [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Albedo Increase to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island in Terni (Italy) Using the WRF Model

Morini

Touchaei²,

Castellani

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:The impacts of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon on energy consumption, air quality, and human health have been widely studied and described. Mitigation strategies have been developed to fight the UHI and its detrimental consequences. A potential countermeasure is the increase of urban albedo by using cool materials. Cool materials are highly reflective materials that can maintain lower surface temperatures and thus can present an effective solution to mitigate the UHI. Terni's proven record of high temperatures along with related environmental and comfort issues in its urban areas have reflected the local consequences of global warming. On the other hand, it promoted integrated actions by the government and research institutes to investigate solutions to mitigate the UHI effects. In this study, the main goal is to investigate the effectiveness of albedo increase as a strategy to tackle the UHI, by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model to simulate the urban climate of Terni (Italy). Three different scenarios through a summer heat wave in the summer of 2015 are analyzed. The Base Scenario, which simulates the actual conditions of the urban area, is the control case. In the Albedo Scenario (ALB Scenario), the albedo of the roof, walls and road of the whole urban area is increased. In the Albedo-Industrial Scenario (ALB-IND Scenario), the albedo of the roof, walls and road of the area occupied by the main industrial site of Terni, located in close proximity to the city center, is increased. The simulation results show that the UHI is decreased up to 2 • C both at daytime and at nighttime in the ALB and in ALB-IND Scenarios. Peak temperatures in the urban area can be decreased by 1 • C at daytime, and by about 2 • C at nighttime. Albedo increase in the area of interest might thus represent an opportunity to decrease the UHI effect and its consequences.

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Heat-related mortality in Cyprus for current and future climate scenarios

Cited by 56 publications

References 18 publications

Increasing Probability of Heat-Related Mortality in a Mediterranean City Due to Urban Warming

Increasing Probability of Heat-Related Mortality in a Mediterranean City Due to Urban Warming

Towards a Smart City: Development and Application of an Improved Integrated Environmental Monitoring System

The Impact of Albedo Increase to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island in Terni (Italy) Using the WRF Model

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