Heat of Hydration of Saltstone Mixes-Measurement by Isothermal Calorimetry

Harbour, John R.; Williams, Vickie; Edwards, T Tommy

doi:10.2172/913128

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The conclusion from these data is that the porosities are relatively high for the simulated mixes due to the low reactivity of the premix in the simulants. As suggested in a previous report [13], this most likely results from the low reactivity of the fly ash.…”

Section: Extent Of Reactionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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Saltstone Variability Study - Measurement of Porosity

Harbour¹,

Williams²,

Edwards³

et al. 2007

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Section: Extent Of Reactionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The extent of hydration reactions can be estimated from the heat of hydration measurements [13]. That is, the greater the amount of heat generated per gram of cementitious material, the greater the extent of reaction.…”

Section: Extent Of Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saltstone Variability Study - Measurement of Porosity

Harbour¹,

Williams²,

Edwards³

et al. 2007

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“…The OPC in water samples show significant decreases in permeability over time whereas the MCU mixes show a smaller effect presumably due to the fact that the degree of hydration in the MCU mixes is less than the OPC mixes. Finally, the applied stress to the samples in the beam bending experiments is provided in Table 3 The hydration reactions can be followed by monitoring the heat of hydration as a function of time 21 . Figure 3-7 shows this time dependence for an MCU grout containing premix at a water to premix ratio of 0.60.…”

Section: Wsrc-tr-2007-00437mentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of Saltstone Measurement by Beam Bending

Harbour¹,

Edwards²,

Williams³

2008

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“…Several studies on the impact of increasing the dissolved aluminum (generally aluminate AlO 2 -) in the liquid waste have been performed at SRNL (Harbour and Edwards 2009;Harbour et al 2007bHarbour et al , 2007cHarbour et al , 2008Harbour et al , 2009aHarbour et al , 2009bHarbour et al , 2009c. The results of these studies are discussed in Section 5.1.…”

Section: Identification Of Waste Constituents That Adversely Impact Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first heat of hydration work that was identified was performed by Steimke and Fowley (1998), and the value was 105 J/g of Saltstone premix. Harbour et al (2007c) measured the heat of hydration for a Saltstone waste simulant that is very similar to the Cast Stone mix and secondary waste simulants used at Hanford. After 7 days, the heat of hydration for the Saltstone was 110 J/g, which eventually leveled off at ~ 135 J/g after further curing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Package for Secondary Waste Form Down-Selection—Cast Stone

Serne¹,

Westsik²

2011

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Executive SummaryThe objective of the data packages being generated for four potential waste forms for solidification/ stabilization of Hanford liquid secondary waste streams is to identify, evaluate, and summarize the existing information. This Cast Stone data package includes information available in the open literature and from data obtained from testing currently underway at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). As used at Hanford, the term Cast Stone describes a "grout"-based waste form made predominantly with fly ash and blast furnace slag (BFS) with lesser amounts of Portland cement as the starting dry blend. At Savannah River, this waste form is called Saltstone. The blend of grout reagents in Saltstone has been constant (45 weight percent [wt%] Grade 100 slag cement, 45 wt% Class F fly ash, and 10-wt% Type I/II Portland cement) since the Saltstone Disposal Facility began production in the early 1990s. At Hanford, some cementitious variants to Cast Stone have also been investigated, in which either the fly ash or the BFS is absent or replaced with another material. In this data package, these Cast Stone variants are included for completeness in the review. However, almost all the current Cast Stone waste form testing performed at PNNL uses a dry blend consisting of 47-wt% blast furnace slag (Grade 100), 45-wt% fly ash (Class F), and 8-wt% Portland cement (Type I/II). The sources of the three dry blend ingredients used at Hanford and Savannah River differ and may have subtle impacts on the physical and chemical attributes of the subsequent waste forms. The compositions of the secondary waste simulants used for the PNNL Cast Stone studies also differ from the simulants and actual wastes solidified at Savannah River; although both are caustic-, saline-and sodium-dominated solutions. The Hanford secondary waste simulants anion composition contains much less nitrate/nitrite than the waste streams solidified at Savannah River.Available literature on Cast Stone and Saltstone was reviewed with an emphasis on determining how Cast Stone and related grout waste forms performed in relationship to various criteria that will be used to decide whether a specific type of waste form meets acceptance criteria for disposal in the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) at Hanford. The draft waste acceptance criteria include the following requirements or targets:• acceptable leachate concentrations (less than the Universal Treatment Standards in 40 CFR 268) for Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals using the Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure (TCLP) leach test• low bleed water criteria (i.e., no bleed water is tolerated after 28 days of curing)• low leachability index (LI) values for sodium (LI>6), technetium-99 (target LI>9) and iodine-129 (target LI>11)• minimum compressive strength of 500 psi (3.45 MPa).Other attributes of the Cast Stone process were compared with additional criteria, such as:• worker and public safety concerns• cost effectiveness versus other candidate waste forms in regard to ...

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Heat of Hydration of Saltstone Mixes-Measurement by Isothermal Calorimetry

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Saltstone Variability Study - Measurement of Porosity

Saltstone Variability Study - Measurement of Porosity

Permeability of Saltstone Measurement by Beam Bending

Data Package for Secondary Waste Form Down-Selection—Cast Stone

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