Saltstone Variability Study - Measurement of Porosity

Harbour, John R.; Williams, Vickie; Edwards, T Tommy; Eibling, R Russell; Schumacher, R Ray

doi:10.2172/913452

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The porosity was measured following the SRNL procedure described elsewhere. 16 The measurements took place immediately after the compression testing to minimize potential bias imparted by drying. The porosity data are also reported in Table 4-2.…”

Section: Density and Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cast Stone Formulation At Higher Sodium Concentrations

Fox¹,

Edwards²,

Roberts³

2013

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Section: Density and Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cast Stone Formulation At Higher Sodium Concentrations

Fox¹,

Edwards²,

Roberts³

2013

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“…This method is based on previous work establishing a relationship between mass loss due to drying (moisture content) and the porosity of the sample. 8 A set of small samples measured at SRNL were compared to the moisture results provided by the vendor as part of the hydraulic conductivity testing. The values were similar, therefore the vendor readings are used to calculate the porosity values (Table 3-3) since the same sample was measured for both hydraulic conductivity and porosity.…”

Section: Porosity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formed Core Sampler Hydraulic Conductivity Testing

Miller¹,

Reigel²

2012

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“…Other Physical Properties (Porosity, Tortuosity, Density, Hydraulic Conductivity) Harbour et al (2007d) discuss some "theoretical" facts about the relationship between pure cement porosity and the extent of hydration. The total porosity for pure cement or grout is generally defined as the percentage of total volume of cured solid that is not occupied by either the starting cementitious materials (in this case, Portland cement, BFS, and Class F fly ash) and the solid phases that result from reaction of these cementitious materials with water (calcium silicate hydrate [C-S-H] and calcium hydroxide crystals).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Package for Secondary Waste Form Down-Selection—Cast Stone

Serne¹,

Westsik²

2011

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Executive SummaryThe objective of the data packages being generated for four potential waste forms for solidification/ stabilization of Hanford liquid secondary waste streams is to identify, evaluate, and summarize the existing information. This Cast Stone data package includes information available in the open literature and from data obtained from testing currently underway at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). As used at Hanford, the term Cast Stone describes a "grout"-based waste form made predominantly with fly ash and blast furnace slag (BFS) with lesser amounts of Portland cement as the starting dry blend. At Savannah River, this waste form is called Saltstone. The blend of grout reagents in Saltstone has been constant (45 weight percent [wt%] Grade 100 slag cement, 45 wt% Class F fly ash, and 10-wt% Type I/II Portland cement) since the Saltstone Disposal Facility began production in the early 1990s. At Hanford, some cementitious variants to Cast Stone have also been investigated, in which either the fly ash or the BFS is absent or replaced with another material. In this data package, these Cast Stone variants are included for completeness in the review. However, almost all the current Cast Stone waste form testing performed at PNNL uses a dry blend consisting of 47-wt% blast furnace slag (Grade 100), 45-wt% fly ash (Class F), and 8-wt% Portland cement (Type I/II). The sources of the three dry blend ingredients used at Hanford and Savannah River differ and may have subtle impacts on the physical and chemical attributes of the subsequent waste forms. The compositions of the secondary waste simulants used for the PNNL Cast Stone studies also differ from the simulants and actual wastes solidified at Savannah River; although both are caustic-, saline-and sodium-dominated solutions. The Hanford secondary waste simulants anion composition contains much less nitrate/nitrite than the waste streams solidified at Savannah River.Available literature on Cast Stone and Saltstone was reviewed with an emphasis on determining how Cast Stone and related grout waste forms performed in relationship to various criteria that will be used to decide whether a specific type of waste form meets acceptance criteria for disposal in the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) at Hanford. The draft waste acceptance criteria include the following requirements or targets:• acceptable leachate concentrations (less than the Universal Treatment Standards in 40 CFR 268) for Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals using the Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure (TCLP) leach test• low bleed water criteria (i.e., no bleed water is tolerated after 28 days of curing)• low leachability index (LI) values for sodium (LI>6), technetium-99 (target LI>9) and iodine-129 (target LI>11)• minimum compressive strength of 500 psi (3.45 MPa).Other attributes of the Cast Stone process were compared with additional criteria, such as:• worker and public safety concerns• cost effectiveness versus other candidate waste forms in regard to ...

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Saltstone Variability Study - Measurement of Porosity

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Cast Stone Formulation At Higher Sodium Concentrations

Cast Stone Formulation At Higher Sodium Concentrations

Formed Core Sampler Hydraulic Conductivity Testing

Data Package for Secondary Waste Form Down-Selection—Cast Stone

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